A regulatory circuit conferring varied flowering response to cold in annual and perennial plants

The reproductive strategies of plants are highly variable. Short-lived annuals flower abundantly soon after germination, whereas longer-lived perennials postpone and spatially restrict flowering. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and interspecies gene transfer to understand divergence in reproductive patterns bet...

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Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2019-01, Vol.363 (6425), p.409-412
Main Authors: Hyun, Youbong, Vincent, Coral, Tilmes, Vicky, Bergonzi, Sara, Kiefer, Christiane, Richter, René, Martinez-Gallegos, Rafael, Severing, Edouard, Coupland, George
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - physiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabis - genetics
Arabis - physiology
Cold
Cold flow
Cold Temperature
CRISPR
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Dependence
Divergence
Flowering
Flowers & plants
Flowers - physiology
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene Regulatory Networks
Gene transfer
Germination
Meristem - physiology
MicroRNAs - genetics
Mutation
Photoperiod
Plant diversity
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plants (botany)
Proteins
Shoots
Signal Transduction
Transcription Factors - genetics
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Summary:The reproductive strategies of plants are highly variable. Short-lived annuals flower abundantly soon after germination, whereas longer-lived perennials postpone and spatially restrict flowering. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and interspecies gene transfer to understand divergence in reproductive patterns between annual and perennial crucifers. We show that in perennial , flowering in response to winter cold depends on the floral integrator SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 15 (SPL15), whose activity is limited to older shoots and branches during cold exposure. In annuals, this regulatory system is conserved, but cold-induced flowering occurs in young shoots, without requirement for SPL15, through the photoperiodic pathway when plants return to warm. By reconstructing the annual response in perennials, we conclude that characteristic patterns of reproduction in annuals and perennials are conferred through variation in dependency on distinct flowering pathways acting in parallel.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.aau8197