Effects of aloe-emodin on innate immunity, antioxidant and immune cytokines mechanisms in the head kidney leucocytes of Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans

• Published in: Fish & shellfish immunology 2019-04, Vol.87, p.669-678
• Main Authors: Devi, Gunapathy, Harikrishnan, Ramasamy, Paray, Bilal Ahmad, Al-Sadoon, Mohammad K., Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein, Balasundaram, Chellam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aloe-emodin; Aphanomyces invadans; Innate immune response; Labeo rohita; Mortality; Pro and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines
• ISSN: 1050-4648; 1095-9947
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.006

The effect of aloe-emodin incorporated diets on innate immune response, disease resistance, pro and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transcription in Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans is reported for the first time. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin enriched diet the white blood cell (WBC) count increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 6th week. In both groups fed with any enriched diet the biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio did not vary significantly; however with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet the albumin and globulin levels increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 6th week. The serum phagocytic activity (PA), respiratory burst activity (RBA), serum complement C3 (CC3), and lysozyme activity (LA) did not increase with any diet between weeks 2 and 4, whereas with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet increased significantly in both groups after 6th week. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and iNOS significantly modulated the expression in both groups on being fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin incorporation diet on 8th week. Healthy fish fed with any aloe-emodin diet did not suffer mortality. However, the infected fish fed with 1, 5, and 10 mg kg−1 aloe-emodin diets registered 5%, 10%, and 15% mortality. The present study indicates that healthy and infected L. rohita exhibited enhanced innate immune response, disease resistance, pro and/or anti-inflamatory cytokine gene transcription levels against A. invadans. •Fish fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin increased WBC count after 6th week.•Albumin and globulin levels increased with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet after 6th week.•PA, RBA, CC3, and LA enhanced with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet after 6th week.•IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and iNOS significantly modulated with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet on 8th week.•Healthy fish fed with any aloe-emodin diet did not suffer mortality.