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Evaluation of X‐ray tomography contrast agents: A review of production, protocols, and biological applications
X‐ray computed tomography is a strong tool that finds many applications both in medical applications and in the investigation of biological and nonbiological samples. In the clinics, X‐ray tomography is widely used for diagnostic purposes whose three‐dimensional imaging in high resolution helps phys...
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Published in: | Microscopy research and technique 2019-06, Vol.82 (6), p.812-848 |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | X‐ray computed tomography is a strong tool that finds many applications both in medical applications and in the investigation of biological and nonbiological samples. In the clinics, X‐ray tomography is widely used for diagnostic purposes whose three‐dimensional imaging in high resolution helps physicians to obtain detailed image of investigated regions. Researchers in biological sciences and engineering use X‐ray tomography because it is a nondestructive method to assess the structure of their samples. In both medical and biological applications, visualization of soft tissues and structures requires special treatment, in which special contrast agents are used. In this detailed report, molecule‐based and nanoparticle‐based contrast agents used in biological applications to enhance the image quality were compiled and reported. Special contrast agent applications and protocols to enhance the contrast for the biological applications and works to develop nanoparticle contrast agents to enhance the contrast for targeted drug delivery and general imaging applications were also assessed and listed.
Molecule‐based contrast agents used in the biological tomography applications were
Protocols used in the contrast enhancement were compiled.
A detailed table concerning biological application protocols was prepared.
Iodine‐based nanoparticle contrast agents and applications were evaluated.
Metalic nanoparticle based contrast agents and applications were evaluated.
A detailed table concerning nanoparticle contrast agent properties was prepared. |
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ISSN: | 1059-910X 1097-0029 |
DOI: | 10.1002/jemt.23225 |