Multimodality Hyperpolarized C-13 MRS/PET/Multiparametric MR Imaging for Detection and Image-Guided Biopsy of Prostate Cancer: First Experience in a Canine Prostate Cancer Model

• Published in: Molecular imaging and biology 2019-10, Vol.21 (5), p.861-870
• Main Authors: Bachawal, Sunitha V., Park, Jae Mo, Valluru, Keerthi S., Loft, Mathias Dyrberg, Felt, Stephen A., Vilches-Moure, José G., Saenz, Yamil F., Daniel, Bruce, Iagaru, Andrei, Sonn, Geoffrey, Cheng, Zhen, Spielman, Daniel M., Willmann, Jürgen K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Biopsy; Cancer; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Computer vision; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Emission analysis; Fluorine isotopes; Glucose; Image detection; Image processing; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Image-Guided Biopsy; Imaging; Lactic acid; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Male; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Multimodal Imaging; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phantoms, Imaging; Positron emission; Positron emission tomography; Prostate - diagnostic imaging; Prostate - pathology; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Prostatic Neoplasms - veterinary; Pyruvic acid; Radiology; Research Article; Resonance; Tomography; Tumors; Ultrasound
• ISSN: 1536-1632; 1860-2002
• DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1235-6

Purpose To assess whether simultaneous hyperpolarized C-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)/positron emission tomography ( PET)/multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) imaging is feasible in an orthotopic canine prostate cancer (PCa) model using a clinical PET/MR system and whether the combined imaging datasets can be fused with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in real time for multimodal image fusion-guided targeted biopsy of PCa. Procedures Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval was obtained for this study. Canine prostate adenocarcinoma (Ace-1) cells were orthotopically injected into the prostate of four dogs. Once tumor engraftment was confirmed by TRUS, simultaneous hyperpolarized C-13 MRS of [1- 13 C]pyruvate, PET (2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG), [ 68 Ga]NODAGA-SCH1), and mpMR (T2W, DWI) imaging was performed using a clinical PET/MR system. Multimodality imaging data sets were then fused with TRUS and image-guided targeted biopsy was performed. Imaging results were then correlated with histological findings. Results Successful tumor engraftment was histologically confirmed in three of the four dogs (dogs 2, 3, and 4) and simultaneous C-13 MRS/PET/mpMR was feasible in all three. In dog 2, C-13 MRS showed increased lactate signal in the tumor (lactate/totalC = 0.47) whereas mpMR did not show any signal changes. In dog 3, [ 18 F]FDG-PET (SUV mean  = 1.90) and C-13 MRS (lactate/totalC = 0.59) showed elevated metabolic activity in the tumor. In dog 4, [ 18 F]FDG (SUV mean  = 2.43), [ 68 Ga]NODAGA-SCH1 (SUV mean  = 0.75), and C-13 MRS (Lac/totalC = 0.53) showed elevated uptake in tumor compared to control tissue and multimodal image fusion-guided biopsy of the tumor was successfully performed. Conclusion Simultaneous C-13 MRS/PET/mpMR imaging and multimodal image fusion-guided biopsy is feasible in a canine PCa model.