Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated melanocytes from lightly and darkly pigmented skin

Increasing evidence suggests that human epidermal melanocytes play an important role in the skin immune system; however, a role of their pigmentation in immune and inflammatory responses is poorly examined. In the study, the expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inflammatory cytokines and ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental dermatology 2019-05, Vol.28 (5), p.551-560
Main Authors: Tam, Irena, Dzierżęga‐Lęcznar, Anna, Stępień, Krystyna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
CCL20 protein
Chemokines
CXCL12 protein
Cytokines
Gene expression
Immune system
Inflammation
Interleukin 6
lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides
Melanin
Melanocytes
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
mRNA
Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
Phosphoribosyltransferase
Pigmentation
proinflammatory cytokines
Skin
TLR4 protein
Toll-like receptors
Toll‐like receptor 4
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Summary:Increasing evidence suggests that human epidermal melanocytes play an important role in the skin immune system; however, a role of their pigmentation in immune and inflammatory responses is poorly examined. In the study, the expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by cultured normal melanocytes derived from lightly and darkly pigmented skin was investigated after cell stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The basal TLR4 mRNA level in heavily pigmented cells was higher as compared to their lightly pigmented counterparts. Melanocyte exposure to LPS upregulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA and enhanced the DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB p50 and p65. We found substantial differences in the LPS‐stimulated expression of numerous genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines between the cells with various melanin contents. In lightly pigmented melanocytes, the most significantly upregulated genes were nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/visfatin), the chemokines CCL2 and CCL20, and IL6, while the genes for CXCL12, IL‐16 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 were the most significantly upregulated in heavily pigmented cells. Moreover, the lightly pigmented melanocytes secreted much more NAMPT, CCL2 and IL‐6. The results of our study suggest modulatory effect of melanogenesis on the immune properties of normal epidermal melanocytes.
ISSN:0906-6705
1600-0625
DOI:10.1111/exd.13908