Early warning method for cyanobacteria toxin, taste and odor problems by the evaluation of fluorescence signals

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2019-06, Vol.667, p.681-690
• Main Authors: Moldaenke, C., Fang, Y., Yang, F., Dahlhaus, A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chlorine; Cyanotoxins; Fluorescence; Free phycocyanin; Ozone; Taste and odor
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.271

Permanganate and ozone are often used in drinking water treatment plants for the oxidation of taste and odor compounds, toxins, and algae as well as the reduction of mussel activity. The disadvantage of an overuse of such oxidants is the potential lysis of cyanobacterial cells. Cell lysis causes taste and odor components as well as toxins to be released into the water, which results in the need for even more treatment to remove these compounds completely. Our research in the CLIENT-SIGN project investigated an innovative method to monitor the lysis of cyanobacteria cells: increases in a specific fluorescence emission spectrum of the cyanobacteria pigment phycocyanin were used as a proxy for cell lysis and other compounds (taste/odor, toxins) leaving the cells. We call this form of phycocyanin “free phycocyanin” or “unbound phycocyanin”. By monitoring free phycocyanin via a relatively fast and inexpensive measurement, water utilities will be better able to optimize the dosage of pre-oxidation compounds to remove extracellular compounds while preventing the lysing of cells. Laboratory studies and a case study at Yangcheng Lake (adjacent to Lake Taihu, Yangcheng Lake Water Treatment Plant, Suzhou Industrial Park, China) are presented herein. An online surveillance system that monitors incoming raw water and the water after pre-oxidation is proposed to better cope with changing water conditions. [Display omitted] •Stressed cyanobacteria can release toxins. An early warning system is discussed•Stressed cyanobacteria in drinking water treatment plants affect water, air and health•An apparatus analyzing optical spectra from cyanobacteria and released, free phycocyanin was used•The appearance of free phycocyanin can be an indicator for released toxins etc.•A model explains the energy distribution between the pigments in cyanobacteria and disconnected phycocyanin