Synergistic effect of bodyweight resistance exercise and protein supplementation on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults

• Published in: Geriatrics & gerontology international 2019-05, Vol.19 (5), p.429-437
• Main Authors: Yamada, Minoru, Kimura, Yosuke, Ishiyama, Daisuke, Nishio, Naohito, Otobe, Yuhei, Tanaka, Tomoya, Ohji, Shunsuke, Koyama, Shingo, Sato, Atsushi, Suzuki, Mizue, Ogawa, Hideyuki, Ichikawa, Takeo, Ito, Daisuke, Arai, Hidenori
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Body Composition - physiology; Body Weight - physiology; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Dietary Supplements; dynapenia; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Musculoskeletal system; Older people; Physical Functional Performance; protein supplementation; Proteins; Quadriceps Muscle - diagnostic imaging; Quadriceps Muscle - physiopathology; resistance exercise; Resistance Training - methods; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenia - diagnosis; Sarcopenia - physiopathology; Sarcopenia - therapy; synergistic effect; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - administration & dosage; Vitamins - administration & dosage
• ISSN: 1444-1586; 1447-0594
• DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13643

Aim The objective of this trial was to investigate the synergistic effects of bodyweight resistance exercise and a protein supplement with vitamin D on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults. Methods This was a four‐arm randomized controlled trial. Sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults were recruited for this trial. After screening, a total of 112 older adults were randomly allocated among four groups; 28 older adults each were enrolled in the combined resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation group, the exercise alone group, the nutritional supplementation alone group, and the control group. Participants in the combined group and exercise alone groups took part in a bodyweight resistance exercise program for 12 weeks. Protein and vitamin D supplements were provided every day for 12 weeks for the participants in the combined group and nutritional supplementation alone groups. We assessed the echo intensity of participants’ thigh muscle using ultrasonography, measured their appendicular muscle mass using a bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system, and tested their knee extension strength and physical function. Results Participants in the combined group had a significantly greater improvement in rectus femoris echo intensity and knee extension torque than those in the other groups (P