Integrated Assessment of Wastewater Reuse, Exposure Risk, and Fish Endocrine Disruption in the Shenandoah River Watershed

Reuse of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is used to augment freshwater supplies globally. The Shenandoah River Watershed (U.S.A.) was selected to conduct on-site exposure experiments to assess endocrine disrupting characteristics of different source waters. This i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2019-04, Vol.53 (7), p.3429-3440
Main Authors: Barber, Larry B, Rapp, Jennifer L, Kandel, Chintamani, Keefe, Steffanie H, Rice, Jacelyn, Westerhoff, Paul, Bertolatus, David W, Vajda, Alan M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
17β-Estradiol
Biological effects
Boron
Boron compounds
Carbamazepine
Contaminants
Disruption
Drinking water
Effluents
Endocrine disruptors
Estrogens
Estrone
Ethinylestradiol
Exposure
Fish
Hydrology
Industrial wastes
Industrial wastewater
Industrial wastewater treatment
Males
Municipal wastewater
Organic chemistry
Organic constituents
Pollution sources
Quotients
Rivers
Sex hormones
Stream discharge
Stream flow
Surface water
Vitellogenin
Wastewater reuse
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
Water analysis
Water intakes
Water sampling
Water treatment
Watersheds
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Summary:Reuse of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is used to augment freshwater supplies globally. The Shenandoah River Watershed (U.S.A.) was selected to conduct on-site exposure experiments to assess endocrine disrupting characteristics of different source waters. This investigation integrates WWTP wastewater reuse modeling, hydrological and chemical characterization, and in vivo endocrine disruption bioassessment to assess contaminant sources, exposure pathways, and biological effects. The percentage of accumulated WWTP effluent in each river reach (ACCWW%) was used to predict environmental concentrations for consumer product chemicals (boron), pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine), and steroidal estrogens (estrone, 17-β-estradiol, estriol, and 17-α-ethinylestradiol). Fish endocrine disruption was evaluated using vitellogenin induction in adult male or larval fathead minnows. Water samples were analyzed for >500 inorganic and organic constituents to characterize the complex contaminant mixtures. Municipal ACCWW% at drinking water treatment plant surface water intakes ranged from
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.8b05655