Determination of Persistent and Mobile Organic Contaminants (PMOCs) in Water by Mixed-Mode Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The presence of persistent and mobile organic contaminants (PMOC) in aquatic environments has become a matter of concern due to their ability of breaking through natural and anthropogenic barriers, even reaching drinking water. The presence of many of these compounds in surface and drinking water ha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2019-04, Vol.91 (8), p.5176-5183
Main Authors: Montes, Rosa, Rodil, Rosario, Cela, Rafael, Quintana, José Benito
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Analytical methods
Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic environment
Chemistry
Chromatography
Contaminants
Coupled modes
Drinking water
Liquid chromatography
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Organic chemistry
Organic contaminants
Scientific imaging
Solid phases
Spectroscopy
Water analysis
Water pollution
Water sampling
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Summary:The presence of persistent and mobile organic contaminants (PMOC) in aquatic environments has become a matter of concern due to their ability of breaking through natural and anthropogenic barriers, even reaching drinking water. The presence of many of these compounds in surface and drinking water has been reported in screening studies, but there is still a lack of analytical methods capable of quantifying them. Herein, we propose a method combining mixed-mode-solid-phase extraction (MM-SPE) as preconcentration technique and mixed-mode liquid chromatography (MMLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry as a determination technique for the quantitative determination of 23 target PMOCs in surface and drinking water samples. When compared to reversed-phase liquid chromatography, the MMLC protocol has proven to be superior in both retentive capabilities and peak shape for ionic compounds, while performing also well for neutrals. The overall method performance was satisfactory with limits of quantification under 50 ng L–1 for most of analytes in both surface and drinking water. The relative standard deviation was lower than 20%, and the average recovery was 78 and 80% in surface and drinking water, respectively. The method was applied to 15 water samples collected in Spain, where 17 out of the 23 target PMOCs were quantified in at least one sample. Among them, 6 chemicals (e.g., benzyltrimethylammonium) are reported and/or quantified here for the first time.
ISSN:0003-2700
1520-6882
DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05792