Insulin-like growth factor I, binding proteins -1 and -3, risk of type 2 diabetes and macronutrient intakes in men

• Published in: British journal of nutrition 2019-04, Vol.121 (8), p.938-944
• Main Authors: Similä, Minna E., Kontto, Jukka P., Virtamo, Jarmo, Hätönen, Katja A., Valsta, Liisa M., Sundvall, Jouko, Männistö, Satu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; alpha-Tocopherol - therapeutic use; beta Carotene - therapeutic use; Binding; Body Mass Index; Cancer; Carbohydrates; Carotene; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diet; Dietary fiber; Double-Blind Method; Epidemiolog to Epidemiology; Finland - epidemiology; Follow-Up Studies; Growth factors; Health risks; Humans; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 - blood; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 - blood; Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; Insulin-like growth factors; Laboratories; Male; Meat; Mens health; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Nutrients - blood; Primary Prevention; Proteins; Regression Analysis; Risk; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tocopherol; β-Carotene
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519000321

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP)-1 and -3 with diabetes risk and evaluated macronutrient intakes related to the observed associations. In a nested case–control study of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish male smokers aged 50–69 years, the IGF variables were measured from baseline serum samples for a random sample of 310 men with diabetes diagnosed during a 12-year follow-up and for 310 controls matched by age, recruitment day and intervention group. Diet at baseline was assessed using a validated FFQ. The associations of IGF proteins with diabetes risk were estimated using conditional logistic regression and the associations with macronutrient intakes using linear regression. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not associated with the incidence of diabetes. Higher IGFBP-1 was associated with lower diabetes risk in an unadjusted crude model (OR 0·25; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·42 in the highest quartile compared with the lowest), but not after adjustment for BMI (corresponding OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·41, 1·40). Intakes of carbohydrates, plant protein and milk protein associated positively and intake of meat protein and fat negatively with IGFBP-1 (P