Polyunsaturated fatty acids and sepsis

• Published in: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2019-09, Vol.65, p.39-43
• Main Author: Das, Undurti N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal cognition; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Cognitive ability; Cytokines; Eicosanoids; Fatty acids; Fish oils; HMGB1 protein; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Lipoxin A4; Medical imaging; Metabolites; Nervous system; Oils & fats; Oxidative stress; Plasma; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Sepsis; Supplements; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 0899-9007; 1873-1244
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.016

[...]fish oil also may contain several other saturated fatty acids to the extent of 30% to 40% of its total content of fatty acids [7,8]. [...]depending on the source of fish oil, its fatty acid content may show a wide variation. [...]studies using pure individual fatty acids present in fish oil and delineating which fatty acid is responsible for the changes in the physiologic or pathologic process are needed. Putting these results together, it is proposed that oils that are a mixture of various fatty acids that have significant PA content (and possibly other SFAs as well), may negate the beneficial actions of EPA/DHA/AA. [...]it is likely that in the study that reported no beneficial action(s) of fish oil supplementation in the prevention of CVDs and cancer, [11,12] the negative results could be attributed to the imbalance between PA and other SFAs versus EPA/DHA/AA. [...]the final action of the administered PGs/LTs/TXs from external sources depends on the sum of the differential actions of various eicosanoids at the site of administration/action [31,32].Cytokines modulate PUFA metabolism Yet another factor that needs to be considered in the pathobiology of inflammation and sepsis is the role of proinflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, and high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), which suppress the activity of desaturases resulting in decreased formation of AA, EPA, and DHA and thus a reduction in the synthesis of LXA4, resolvins, protectins, and maresins.