Prevalence and risk factors of people at-risk of obstructive sleep apnea in a rural community of Odisha, India: a community based cross-sectional study

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a progressive sleep disordered breathing condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep. Despite being the most common sleep apnea, it often remains undiagnosed and untreated, especially in rural communities. There is a paucity of...

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Published in:Sleep medicine 2019-06, Vol.58, p.42-47
Main Authors: Choudhury, Anurag, Routray, Dipanweeta, Swain, Swagatika, Das, Aswin Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Berlin questionnaire (BQ)
Multi-staged sampling
Obesity
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Prevalence
Rural Odisha
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description Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a progressive sleep disordered breathing condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep. Despite being the most common sleep apnea, it often remains undiagnosed and untreated, especially in rural communities. There is a paucity of literature estimating the prevalence of the disease and associated risk factors from the rural population of Odisha. It is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in a rural community of Odisha, India to find out the prevalence of people living with the risk of OSA. Multi-staged sampling was done. Participants were evaluated using the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS with the significance level set at 95%. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to evaluate the risk factors associated with the condition. Out of 200 community dwellers surveyed using the BQ, 25% had a high likelihood of OSA. Among these high risk subjects, snoring was reported by 70%, excessive daytime sleepiness by 50%. Out of those who were at risk of OSA, 28% were smokers and 48% reported alcohol use. The associated risk factors were age >35 years (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.4–13.8, p 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.014
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Despite being the most common sleep apnea, it often remains undiagnosed and untreated, especially in rural communities. There is a paucity of literature estimating the prevalence of the disease and associated risk factors from the rural population of Odisha. It is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in a rural community of Odisha, India to find out the prevalence of people living with the risk of OSA. Multi-staged sampling was done. Participants were evaluated using the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS with the significance level set at 95%. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to evaluate the risk factors associated with the condition. Out of 200 community dwellers surveyed using the BQ, 25% had a high likelihood of OSA. Among these high risk subjects, snoring was reported by 70%, excessive daytime sleepiness by 50%. Out of those who were at risk of OSA, 28% were smokers and 48% reported alcohol use. The associated risk factors were age &gt;35 years (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.4–13.8, p &lt; 0.05), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (aOR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.2– 10.5, p &lt; 0.05), alcoholism (aOR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.8–11.1, p = 0.001), and hypertension (aOR = 11.5, 95% CI = 4.7–28, p &lt; 0.001). The prevalence was not affected by the type of diet (vegetarian vs non-vegetarian), use of tobacco or tea consumption. OSA is highly prevalent in the rural community of Odisha. Independent risk factors associated with such subjects were obesity, regular alcohol consumption, and hypertension. Further prevalence studies are recommended. •Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a progressive disease of growing importance; Rural communities remain unscreened against it.•A rural community of Odisha in India screened using Berlin questionnaire had high likelihood of OSA.•Apart from classical symptoms (snoring), feeling tired after waking up from sleep could be highly suggestive of having OSA.•Obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), alcoholism, and hypertension were independent risk factors associated with OSA.•Results from the present study contributes to formerly insufficient evidences regarding association of diet and tea intake.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1389-9457</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-5506</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31078079</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Berlin questionnaire (BQ) ; Multi-staged sampling ; Obesity ; Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ; Prevalence ; Rural Odisha</subject><ispartof>Sleep medicine, 2019-06, Vol.58, p.42-47</ispartof><rights>2019 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 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The associated risk factors were age &gt;35 years (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.4–13.8, p &lt; 0.05), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (aOR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.2– 10.5, p &lt; 0.05), alcoholism (aOR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.8–11.1, p = 0.001), and hypertension (aOR = 11.5, 95% CI = 4.7–28, p &lt; 0.001). The prevalence was not affected by the type of diet (vegetarian vs non-vegetarian), use of tobacco or tea consumption. OSA is highly prevalent in the rural community of Odisha. Independent risk factors associated with such subjects were obesity, regular alcohol consumption, and hypertension. 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subjects Berlin questionnaire (BQ)
Multi-staged sampling
Obesity
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Prevalence
Rural Odisha
title Prevalence and risk factors of people at-risk of obstructive sleep apnea in a rural community of Odisha, India: a community based cross-sectional study
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