Raman spectroscopy as a tool to evaluate oxygen effects on the response of polymer gel dosimetry

• Published in: Applied radiation and isotopes 2019-08, Vol.150, p.43-52
• Main Authors: Chacón, D., Vedelago, J., Strumia, M.C., Valente, M., Mattea, F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Itaconic acid; NIPAM; Oxygen inhibition; PAGAT; Polymer gel dosimetry; Raman spectroscopy
• ISSN: 0969-8043; 1872-9800
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.006

Currently, advanced dosimeters like polymer gels are capable of obtaining reliable and accurate 3D dose distributions from correlations with the different polymerization degrees induced by incident radiation. Samples of polymer gel dosimeters are commonly read out using magnetic resonance imaging or optical methods like visible light transmission or laser computed tomography. Alternatively, this work proposes and evaluates the implementation of Raman spectroscopy to provide direct information on the effect of oxygen permeating through the walls of phantoms on the polymerization initiated by irradiation in three types of polymer gel dosimeters, namely NIPAM, ITABIS and PAGAT. The aim of the present study is to provide better and complete interpretations using three different containers, adequate for integral, 2D and 3D dose mapping. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyze the well-known effect of oxygen inhibition on the different polymer gel dosimeters remarking the importance of avoiding air exposition during sample storage and readout. Dose-response curves for different polymer gels were obtained in terms of measurements with a calibrated ionization chamber. Additionally, dedicated Monte Carlo simulations were performed aimed at characterizing dose for different X-ray irradiation setups, providing also suitable information to evaluate oxygen diffusion through the sample wall. The obtained results were contrasted with optical transmission readout as well as Monte Carlo simulations attaining very good agreements for all dosimeter types. •Raman spectroscopy was used to study oxygen effects in three polymer gel dosimeters.•Raman methods can measure different polymerization degrees in the micrometer scale.•Storing dosimeters in nitrogen is a simple alternative if PMMA phantoms are used.•PAGAT, NIPAM and itaconic acid dosimetry can be analyzed by Raman spectroscopy.