Liposome-coated nano doxorubicin induces apoptosis on oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells

• Published in: Archives of oral biology 2019-07, Vol.103, p.47-54
• Main Authors: El-Hamid, Ehab S. Abd, Gamal-Eldeen, Amira M., Sharaf Eldeen, Abdelrahman M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apoptosis - drug effects; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Dentistry; Doxil; Doxorubicin; Doxorubicin - analogs & derivatives; Doxorubicin - pharmacology; Humans; Liposomes; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Polyethylene glycol nano-carriers; Polyethylene Glycols - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0003-9969; 1879-1506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.011

•Doxil is more effective than DOX on inducing apoptosis in (SCC-27) cell line.•Doxil induced expression of capase-3 higher than DOX.•Doxil inhibits c-Myc mRNA expression compared to DOX treatment.•Apoptotic effect of Doxil is higher in low doses (0.5 and 1 μM) compared to DOX. This study aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of Doxorubicin and its nano-formulated form (Doxil) on oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells. Cell viability using MTT assay, mode of cell death using fluorescence analysis, expression of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 using indirect ELISA technique and expression of C-Myc gene using reverse transcriptase and real time PCR. Doxil treatment resulted in a higher percentage of apoptotic cells than doxorubicin treatment, while doxorubicin treatment resulted in a higher percentage of necrotic cells than Doxil treatment. Doxil-treated cells exhibited 3.38-fold higher caspase-3 levels than control cells, while doxorubicin significantly increased caspase-3 levels by 2.72-fold. The percentage of C-Myc mRNA inhibition was 27% in doxorubicin-treated cells and 41% in Doxil-treated cells. Doxil exerted a higher apoptotic effect on CAL-27 cells compared to doxorubicin. It showed a higher increase in capase-3 level than doxorubicin and also exerted a more percentage of C-Myc mRNA inhibition.