Candida spp. and phagocytosis: multiple evasion mechanisms

Invasive fungal infections are a global health problem, mainly in hospitals, where year by year hundreds of patients die because of these infections. Commensal yeasts may become pathogenic to human beings, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. During infectious processes, the immune system us...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019-10, Vol.112 (10), p.1409-1423
Main Authors: Oliver, Josidel Conceição, Ferreira, Carla Benedini Ribeiro Jorge, Silva, Naiara Chaves, Dias, Amanda Latercia Tranches
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biofilms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Candida
Candidiasis - immunology
Candidiasis - microbiology
Cellular stress response
Drug development
Drugs
Fungi
Fungicides
Gene expression
Gene polymorphism
Global health
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immune Evasion
Immune system
Immunocompromised hosts
Immunosuppressive agents
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Oxidative stress
Phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Plant Sciences
Polymorphism
Proteolysis
Review Paper
Soil Science & Conservation
Virulence
Virulence factors
Virulence Factors - metabolism
Yeasts
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Summary:Invasive fungal infections are a global health problem, mainly in hospitals, where year by year hundreds of patients die because of these infections. Commensal yeasts may become pathogenic to human beings, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. During infectious processes, the immune system uses phagocytes to eliminate invader microorganisms. In order to prevent or neutralize phagocyte attacks, pathogenic yeasts can use virulence factors to survive, as well as to colonize and infect the host. In this review, we describe how Candida spp., mainly Candida albicans , interact with phagocytes and use several factors that contribute to immune evasion. Polymorphism, biofilm formation, gene expression and enzyme production mediate distinct functions such as adhesion, invasion, oxidative stress response, proteolysis and escape from phagocytes. Fungal and human cells have similar structures and mechanisms that decrease the number of potential targets for antifungal drugs. Therefore, research on host–pathogen interaction may aid in the discovery of new targets and in the development of new drugs or treatments for these diseases and thus to save lives.
ISSN:0003-6072
1572-9699
DOI:10.1007/s10482-019-01271-x