Interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNA in colorectal cancer

• Published in: Biochimie 2019-08, Vol.163, p.58-72
• Main Authors: Tang, Xiao Juan, Wang, Wei, Hann, Swei Sunny
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Colorectal cancer; LncRNAs; MiRNA; MRNA; Therapeutics
• ISSN: 0300-9084; 1638-6183
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.05.010

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nts non-coding transcripts and have recently emerged as one of the largest and significantly diverse RNA families whereas microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved short single-stranded ncRNAs (∼18–22 nucleotides). As families of small and long evolutionarily conserved ncRNAs, lncRNAs activate and repress genes via a variety of mechanisms at both transcriptional and translational levels, while miRNAs regulate protein-coding gene expression mainly through mRNA degradation or silencing, These ncRNAs have been proved to be involved in multiple biological functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Today, while majority of studies have focused on defining the regulatory functions of lncRNAs and miRNAs, limited information have now available for the mutual regulations of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNA. Thus, the underlying molecular mechanisms, in particularly the interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNA in development, growth, metastasis and therapeutic potential of cancer still remain obscure. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the third most common and fourth leading cancer death worldwide. Increasing evidence showed the close correlations among aberrant expressions of lncRNAs, miRNAs and the occurrence, development of CRC. This review summarize the potential links among these RNAs in following three areas: 1, The biogenesis and roles of miRNAs in CRC; 2, The biogenesis and functions of lncRNAs in CRC; 3, The interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNA in tumorigensis, growth, progression, EMT formation, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and therapeutic potential in CRC. We believe that identifying diverging lncRNAs, miRNAs and relevant genes, their interactions and complex molecular regulatory networks will provide important clues for understanding the mechanism and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CRC. Further efforts are warranted to bring the promise of regulating their activities into clinical utilities. •LncRNAs and miRNAs regulate protein-coding gene expression via different mechanisms.•The reciprocal interaction of lncRNA and miRNA results in regulation of target gene expression.•The cross-talk of lncRNAs and miRNAs involved in tumorigensis and development of CRC.•The network of lncRNAmiRNAmRNA is novel biomarkers and therapeutics in CRC.•MiRNA-based and lncRNA-mediated silencing of miRNAs hold promising therapeutic of CRC.