Charging the code - tRNA modification complexes

All types of cellular RNAs are post-transcriptionally modified, constituting the so called 'epitranscriptome'. In particular, tRNAs and their anticodon stem loops represent major modification hotspots. The attachment of small chemical groups at the heart of the ribosomal decoding machinery...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in structural biology 2019-04, Vol.55, p.138-146
Main Authors: Krutyhołowa, Rościsław, Zakrzewski, Karol, Glatt, Sebastian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticodon - chemistry
Eukaryotic Cells - metabolism
Humans
Intramolecular Transferases - metabolism
Methylation
Ribosomes - metabolism
RNA, Transfer - chemistry
RNA, Transfer - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism
tRNA Methyltransferases - metabolism
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Summary:All types of cellular RNAs are post-transcriptionally modified, constituting the so called 'epitranscriptome'. In particular, tRNAs and their anticodon stem loops represent major modification hotspots. The attachment of small chemical groups at the heart of the ribosomal decoding machinery can directly affect translational rates, reading frame maintenance, co-translational folding dynamics and overall proteome stability. The variety of tRNA modification patterns is driven by the activity of specialized tRNA modifiers and large modification complexes. Notably, the absence or dysfunction of these cellular machines is correlated with several human pathophysiologies. In this review, we aim to highlight the most recent scientific progress and summarize currently available structural information of the most prominent eukaryotic tRNA modifiers.
ISSN:0959-440X
1879-033X
DOI:10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.014