Renewable energy, economic growth, human capital, and CO2 emission: an empirical analysis

This study contributes to the literature by estimating the interaction effects of economic growth and renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions with the inclusion of human capital. The interaction between economic growth and renewable energy consumption suggests how income lev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2019-07, Vol.26 (20), p.20619-20630
Main Authors: Mahmood, Nasir, Wang, Zhaohua, Hassan, Syed Tauseef
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Earth and Environmental Science
Economic analysis
Economic development
Economic growth
Economic models
Economics
Ecotoxicology
Emission analysis
Empirical analysis
Energy consumption
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Kuznets curve
Environmental science
Human capital
Income
Regression analysis
Renewable energy
Renewable resources
Research Article
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:This study contributes to the literature by estimating the interaction effects of economic growth and renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions with the inclusion of human capital. The interaction between economic growth and renewable energy consumption suggests how income level affects energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. The study applies three-stage least square and ridge regression methods with Pakistani data from 1980 to 2014. The empirical findings show that the interaction effect of income and renewable energy contributes to CO 2 emissions. Besides, trade openness also increases CO 2 emissions, while the human capital mitigates CO 2 emissions. Furthermore, the moderating effect of economic growth helps to form the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Pakistan.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-019-05387-5