Virucidal Efficacy of a Quaternary Ammonium Compound with Food Additive–Grade Calcium Hydroxide Toward Avian Influenza Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus on Abiotic Carriers

• Published in: Avian diseases 2018-12, Vol.62 (4), p.355-363
• Main Authors: Alam, Md. Shahin, Takahashi, Satoru, Ito, Mariko, Komura, Miyuki, Ono, Mizuki, Daio, Chisato, Sangsriratanakul, Natthanan, Shoham, Dany, Alam, Jahangir, Takehara, Kazuaki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: abiotic carrier; avian influenza virus; food additive–grade calcium hydroxide; low temperature; Newcastle disease virus; quaternary ammonium compound; REGULAR ARTICLES; synergistic effects; virucides
• ISSN: 0005-2086; 1938-4351
• DOI: 10.1637/11934-072118-Reg.1

The virucidal efficacies of a 0.2% food additive–grade calcium hydroxide [FdCa(OH)2] solution, a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) diluted at 1:500 (QACx500), and their mixture [Mix500; FdCa(OH)2 powder added at a final concentration of 0.2% to QACx500] were investigated as fomites for avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on abiotic carriers (steel, rubber, and plastic) at two different temperatures (room temperature [RT; 25 ± 2 C] and 2 C). These viruses were seeded on coupons (5 cm×5 cm) of rubber, steel, or plastic with 5% fetal bovine serum. After complete drying, the coupons were covered with the test solutions at RT or 2 C. After fixed incubation periods, viruses were recovered from the coupons and titrated. At RT, Mix500 required a short time (3 min) to inactivate AIV and NDV to effective levels (≥3 log virus reduction) on rubber, steel, and plastic carriers compared with QAC or FdCa(OH)2. At low temperature, QACx500 inactivated AIV on steel and plastic carriers to effective levels within 60 min, whereas Mix500 did so within 10 min. QACx500 and FdCa(OH)2 solutions could inactivate NDV on steel and plastic carriers within 20 and 10 min, respectively, and Mix500 could do so within 3 min. Viruses on the carriers required longer incubation periods for inactivation at 2 C than at 25 C. These results demonstrate desirable synergistic virucidal effects of Mix500 for important poultry viruses on abiotic carriers, while indicating high applicability within poultry farming.