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Omega‐3‐rich Isochrysis sp. biomass enhances brain docosahexaenoic acid levels and improves serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in Wistar rats

BACKGROUND Isochrysis sp. is a marine microalga, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three...

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Published in:Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2019-10, Vol.99 (13), p.6066-6075
Main Authors: Balakrishnan, Jeyakumar, Dhavamani, Sugasini, Sadasivam, Selvam Govindan, Arumugam, Muthu, Vellaikumar, Sampathrajan, Ramalingam, Jagadeesan, Shanmugam, Kathiresan
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creator Balakrishnan, Jeyakumar
Dhavamani, Sugasini
Sadasivam, Selvam Govindan
Arumugam, Muthu
Vellaikumar, Sampathrajan
Ramalingam, Jagadeesan
Shanmugam, Kathiresan
description BACKGROUND Isochrysis sp. is a marine microalga, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated for 28 days. The rats were fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) microalgal biomass rich in EPA and DHA along with standard chow (microalga group), and (3) fish oil that contains equivalent amounts of EPA and DHA along with standard chow (fish oil group). After intervention, biochemical indices, histopathological indices, relative mRNA expression of PUFA genes, antioxidant genes, inflammatory markers, and the fatty acid profile of major tissues were studied. RESULTS Animals treated with microalgal biomass showed significantly increased serum HDL levels (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jsfa.9884
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The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated for 28 days. The rats were fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) microalgal biomass rich in EPA and DHA along with standard chow (microalga group), and (3) fish oil that contains equivalent amounts of EPA and DHA along with standard chow (fish oil group). After intervention, biochemical indices, histopathological indices, relative mRNA expression of PUFA genes, antioxidant genes, inflammatory markers, and the fatty acid profile of major tissues were studied. RESULTS Animals treated with microalgal biomass showed significantly increased serum HDL levels (P &lt; 0.05) and reduced oxidative stress markers with a concomitant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass did not show any toxicity or damage in any major organs. The mRNA expression of PUFA genes was significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) and antioxidant genes were upregulated. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory markers was significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) and anti‐inflammatory markers were upregulated. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass improved DHA status in brain and liver. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that Isochrysis sp. can be used as a safe, alternative food supplement for ω‐3 fatty acids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9884</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31228262</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Animal models ; Animal tissues ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - metabolism ; Biomass ; Brain ; Brain - metabolism ; Creatinine ; desaturase ; DHA ; Dietary supplements ; Dietary Supplements - analysis ; Docosahexaenoic acid ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - metabolism ; Eicosapentaenoic acid ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - analogs & derivatives ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - metabolism ; EPA ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism ; Fish oils ; Gene Expression ; Genes ; Haptophyta - chemistry ; Haptophyta - growth & development ; Haptophyta - metabolism ; High density lipoprotein ; Inflammation ; Isochrysis ; Isochrysis sp ; Lipids ; Lipids - blood ; liver ; Liver - metabolism ; Male ; Markers ; Microalgae - chemistry ; Microalgae - growth & development ; Microalgae - metabolism ; Oils & fats ; Organic chemistry ; Organs ; Oxidative stress ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rodents ; Toxicity ; Urea ; Wistar rat]]></subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2019-10, Vol.99 (13), p.6066-6075</ispartof><rights>2019 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><rights>2019 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-25ee865d60ff378213d8fefb304155da237aea63a321f679c1261caa8cfddf253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-25ee865d60ff378213d8fefb304155da237aea63a321f679c1261caa8cfddf253</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5161-8343</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31228262$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Balakrishnan, Jeyakumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhavamani, Sugasini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadasivam, Selvam Govindan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arumugam, Muthu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vellaikumar, Sampathrajan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramalingam, Jagadeesan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanmugam, Kathiresan</creatorcontrib><title>Omega‐3‐rich Isochrysis sp. biomass enhances brain docosahexaenoic acid levels and improves serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in Wistar rats</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND Isochrysis sp. is a marine microalga, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated for 28 days. The rats were fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) microalgal biomass rich in EPA and DHA along with standard chow (microalga group), and (3) fish oil that contains equivalent amounts of EPA and DHA along with standard chow (fish oil group). After intervention, biochemical indices, histopathological indices, relative mRNA expression of PUFA genes, antioxidant genes, inflammatory markers, and the fatty acid profile of major tissues were studied. RESULTS Animals treated with microalgal biomass showed significantly increased serum HDL levels (P &lt; 0.05) and reduced oxidative stress markers with a concomitant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass did not show any toxicity or damage in any major organs. The mRNA expression of PUFA genes was significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) and antioxidant genes were upregulated. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory markers was significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) and anti‐inflammatory markers were upregulated. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass improved DHA status in brain and liver. 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The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated for 28 days. The rats were fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) microalgal biomass rich in EPA and DHA along with standard chow (microalga group), and (3) fish oil that contains equivalent amounts of EPA and DHA along with standard chow (fish oil group). After intervention, biochemical indices, histopathological indices, relative mRNA expression of PUFA genes, antioxidant genes, inflammatory markers, and the fatty acid profile of major tissues were studied. RESULTS Animals treated with microalgal biomass showed significantly increased serum HDL levels (P &lt; 0.05) and reduced oxidative stress markers with a concomitant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass did not show any toxicity or damage in any major organs. The mRNA expression of PUFA genes was significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) and antioxidant genes were upregulated. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory markers was significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) and anti‐inflammatory markers were upregulated. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass improved DHA status in brain and liver. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that Isochrysis sp. can be used as a safe, alternative food supplement for ω‐3 fatty acids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>31228262</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.9884</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-8343</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Animal models
Animal tissues
Animals
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - metabolism
Biomass
Brain
Brain - metabolism
Creatinine
desaturase
DHA
Dietary supplements
Dietary Supplements - analysis
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage
Docosahexaenoic Acids - metabolism
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - analogs & derivatives
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - metabolism
EPA
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism
Fish oils
Gene Expression
Genes
Haptophyta - chemistry
Haptophyta - growth & development
Haptophyta - metabolism
High density lipoprotein
Inflammation
Isochrysis
Isochrysis sp
Lipids
Lipids - blood
liver
Liver - metabolism
Male
Markers
Microalgae - chemistry
Microalgae - growth & development
Microalgae - metabolism
Oils & fats
Organic chemistry
Organs
Oxidative stress
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Rodents
Toxicity
Urea
Wistar rat
title Omega‐3‐rich Isochrysis sp. biomass enhances brain docosahexaenoic acid levels and improves serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in Wistar rats
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