The Sydney Lindt café siege: The role of the consultant psychiatrist

• Published in: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2020-03, Vol.54 (3), p.244-258
• Main Author: Scott, Russ
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Australia; Bias; Consultants; Coroners and Medical Examiners - psychology; Expert Testimony; Gun Violence - legislation & jurisprudence; Gun Violence - prevention & control; Humans; Prejudice; Professional Role; Psychiatry - methods; Psychiatry - standards; Terrorism
• ISSN: 0004-8674; 1440-1614
• DOI: 10.1177/0004867419853886

Background: In December 2014, after a 16-hour siege of the Lindt café in Sydney, Iranian-born gunman Man Haron Monis shot dead a hostage precipitating the police action which broke the siege. Objective: This paper reviews the demographic and other factual details of Monis as documented by the NSW Coroner’s Inquest and critically analyses the published findings of the Coroner particularly in relation to the role of the psychiatrist who advised senior police and negotiators during the siege. Results: At the time of the siege, there was no formal protocol that delineated the role of a psychiatrist in hostage negotiations. Despite the psychiatrist’s credentials including his extensive experience with siege-hostage incidents and his counter-terrorist training, the Coroner was unfairly critical of the psychiatrist. Conclusion: The Coroner’s censure of the psychiatrist was clearly prejudiced by hindsight bias. During the siege, the psychiatrist properly considered and evaluated all the available intelligence and other information known about the gunman. As the psychiatrist advised, Monis was a narcissist and the siege was not an Islamic State-inspired terrorist attack. Given that he announced he was armed with a bomb, Monis represented a ‘credible threat’ to the hostages. The psychiatrist’s endorsement of the police strategy to ‘contain and negotiate’ was prudent in the circumstances. The Coroner’s disparagement of the senior psychiatrist may have the unintended consequence that psychiatrists may be reluctant to assist in hostage-sieges or other critical incidents.