Biochemical Characteristics of Microbial Enzymes and Their Significance from Industrial Perspectives

Microbes are ubiquitously distributed in nature and are a critical part of the holobiont fitness. They are perceived as the most potential biochemical reservoir of inordinately diverse and multi-functional enzymes. The robust nature of the microbial enzymes with thermostability, pH stability and mul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biotechnology 2019-08, Vol.61 (8), p.579-601
Main Authors: Thapa, Santosh, Li, Hui, OHair, Joshua, Bhatti, Sarabjit, Chen, Fur-Chi, Nasr, Kamal Al, Johnson, Terrance, Zhou, Suping
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemical characteristics
Biochemistry
Biological Techniques
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Chemical synthesis
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Detergents
DNA
DNA sequencing
Enzymes
Feed processing
Fitness
Food processing
Genetic engineering
Human Genetics
Industrial applications
Microorganisms
Next-generation sequencing
Organic chemistry
Polymers
Protein Science
Recombinant DNA
Refineries
Reproductive fitness
Review
Textiles
Therapeutic applications
Thermal stability
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Summary:Microbes are ubiquitously distributed in nature and are a critical part of the holobiont fitness. They are perceived as the most potential biochemical reservoir of inordinately diverse and multi-functional enzymes. The robust nature of the microbial enzymes with thermostability, pH stability and multi-functionality make them potential candidates for the efficient biotechnological processes under diverse physio-chemical conditions. The need for sustainable solutions to various environmental challenges has further surged the demand for industrial enzymes. Fueled by the recent advent of recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, and high-throughput sequencing and omics techniques, numerous microbial enzymes have been developed and further exploited for various industrial and therapeutic applications. Most of the hydrolytic enzymes (protease being the dominant hydrolytic enzyme) have broad range of industrial uses such as food and feed processing, polymer synthesis, production of pharmaceuticals, manufactures of detergents, paper and textiles, and bio-fuel refinery. In this review article, after a short overview of microbial enzymes, an approach has been made to highlight and discuss their potential relevance in biotechnological applications and industrial bio-processes, significant biochemical characteristics of the microbial enzymes, and various tools that are revitalizing the novel enzymes discovery.
ISSN:1073-6085
1559-0305
DOI:10.1007/s12033-019-00187-1