Influence of bone quality on the mechanical interaction between implant and bone: A finite element analysis

• Published in: Journal of dentistry 2019-09, Vol.88, p.103161-103161, Article 103161
• Main Authors: Azcarate-Velázquez, Francisco, Castillo-Oyagüe, Raquel, Oliveros-López, Luis-Guillermo, Torres-Lagares, Daniel, Martínez-González, Álvaro-José, Pérez-Velasco, Andrea, Lynch, Christopher D., Gutiérrez-Pérez, José-Luis, Serrera-Figallo, María-Ángeles
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomechanics; Bone density; Bone implants; Bone quality; Cancellous bone; Computer Simulation; Cortical bone; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Dental Stress Analysis - methods; Dentistry; Elastic Modulus; Finite Element Analysis; Finite element method; Geometry; Humans; Load; Loads (forces); Mandible; Mandible - diagnostic imaging; Mathematical analysis; Mathematical models; Mechanical loading; Mechanical properties; Numerical methods; Quality; Radiographs; Stress concentration; Stress distribution; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium; Transplants & implants
• ISSN: 0300-5712; 1879-176X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.06.008

To evaluate the influence of bone type in terms of bone density and cortical bone thickness, on the stresses induced by two implants under compressive and oblique loads. A numerical simulation technique based on the finite element method was applied. Two implant types (M-12 and Astra Tech) were introduced in a model matrix whose geometry was extracted from a real CBCT radiograph of the posterior mandibular region. The Young’s module and Poisson’s coefficient of the bone qualities described by Misch were calculated. Loads with amplitude of 400 N were exerted in two directions: compressive and 15° oblique to 5 mm above the uppermost part of the implant. The von Misses variant was analysed. Both implant types presented greater tension in the ​​cortical bone area than in the ​​trabecular bone region under compressive loading. For the oblique load condition, the stresses obtained in the cortical zone were significantly higher than those registered as a consequence of compressive loads in both implant types. Regardless of bone type, the M-12 implants presented lower tensions in the cortical bone than did the Astra implants. The tensions recorded for D3 and D4 bone types in the trabecular zone surrounding the M-12 implants were greater than those recorded for the Astra implants. For both compressive and oblique loads, good mechanical behaviour was observed. The decrease in bone quality determines a worse stress distribution, and the cortical bone is overloaded. An efficient distribution of the forces may increase the implants’ longevity.