Resolvins: Emerging Players in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

Resolvins, belonging to the group of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), are metabolic products of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and are synthesized during the initial phases of acute inflammatory responses to promote the resolution of inflammation. Resolvins are produced fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2020-02, Vol.58 (1), p.82-91
Main Authors: Abdolmaleki, Fereshte, Kovanen, Petri T., Mardani, Rajab, Gheibi-hayat, Seyed Mohammad, Bo, Simona, Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergology
Apoptosis
Arteriosclerosis
Arthritis
Atherosclerosis
Autoimmune diseases
B cells
Chemical compounds
Chronic conditions
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
Environmental factors
Homeostasis
Immune clearance
Immune system
Immunology
Inflammation
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Inflammatory diseases
Internal Medicine
Intestine
Macrophages
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolism
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Unsaturated fatty acids
Vasculitis
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Summary:Resolvins, belonging to the group of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), are metabolic products of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and are synthesized during the initial phases of acute inflammatory responses to promote the resolution of inflammation. Resolvins are produced for termination of neutrophil infiltration, stimulation of the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, and promotion of tissue remodeling and homeostasis. Metabolic dysregulation due to either uncontrolled activity of pro-inflammatory responses or to inefficient resolution of inflammation results in chronic inflammation and may also lead to atherosclerosis or other chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of such diseases involves a complex interplay between the immune system and, environmental factors (non-infectious or infectious), and critically depends on individual susceptibility to such factors. In the present review, resolvins and their roles in the resolution of inflammation, as well as the role of these mediators as potential therapeutic agents to counteract specific chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are discussed.
ISSN:1080-0549
1559-0267
DOI:10.1007/s12016-019-08754-9