Evaluation of hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) for sorptive removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution

A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption process were evaluated. The removal increased with time and achieved equilibrium after 1 h for all initial concentration ranges (10–50 mg/L). The hig...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2019-09, Vol.26 (25), p.25641-25655
Main Authors: Hassan, Hisham Soliman, El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed, Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylamide
Acrylamide - chemistry
Acrylates - chemistry
Acrylic acid
Acrylic Resins - chemistry
Acrylics
Aquatic Pollution
Aqueous solutions
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Composite materials
composite polymers
Durapatite - chemistry
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Endothermic reactions
endothermy
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Hydroxyapatite
Ions
Kinetics
Polymerization
Polymers
Radioactive Waste
Radioactive wastes
Radioisotopes
Research Article
Sorption
sorption isotherms
Strontium
Strontium - analysis
Strontium - chemistry
Thermodynamics
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23
container_end_page 25655
container_issue 25
container_start_page 25641
container_title Environmental science and pollution research international
container_volume 26
creator Hassan, Hisham Soliman
El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed
Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam
description A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption process were evaluated. The removal increased with time and achieved equilibrium after 1 h for all initial concentration ranges (10–50 mg/L). The highest removal of Sr(II) was achieved using 50 mg/L at pH 6. The sorption process was found to follow a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The equilibrium data are best described by the Langmuir model, with a monolayer capacity of 53.59 mg/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the sorption process is endothermic ( ΔH > 0), increases randomness ( ΔS > 0) and is spontaneous ( ΔG < 0). The results imply that the composite could be used as a promising low-cost material for the removal of radionuclides from radioactive waste.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11356-019-05755-1
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2251689305</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2315286096</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU1PFTEUhhujkQv6B1yQJm5gUenp5-2SEAQSEje6bno7rQ6ZmQ7tDDr_3g4XJWGhqzbtc55z2hehD0A_AaX6rABwqQgFQ6jUUhJ4hTagQBAtjHmNNtQIQYALcYAOS7mjlFHD9Ft0wIEpzY3coJ-XD66b3dSmAaeIfyxNTr8WN9aTKZyNqVtOnM9L5_q2CeRx23rsfNuc4pgyLimPU_sQcA59qqpVUqachqmde1ytBceceuzu55DmUvluXpu9Q2-i60p4_7QeoW-fL79eXJPbL1c3F-e3xAshJ6JZVIxFLSkIYJrHhu2icUxEB3LHJfVOOwhU-OhVo_mWq6h50FA_aBsc40foZO8dc6ojlMn2bfGh69ywzmMZB8m2ihr1f5RJUFvDqazoxxfoXZrzUB-yUrROobWpFNtTPqdScoh2zG3v8mKB2jVBu0_Q1gTtY4IWatHxk3re9aH5W_InsgrwPVDq1fA95Ofe_9D-Bur2p5k</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2250836779</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Evaluation of hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) for sorptive removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution</title><source>ABI/INFORM Global (ProQuest)</source><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Hassan, Hisham Soliman ; El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed ; Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</creator><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Hisham Soliman ; El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed ; Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</creatorcontrib><description>A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption process were evaluated. The removal increased with time and achieved equilibrium after 1 h for all initial concentration ranges (10–50 mg/L). The highest removal of Sr(II) was achieved using 50 mg/L at pH 6. The sorption process was found to follow a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The equilibrium data are best described by the Langmuir model, with a monolayer capacity of 53.59 mg/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the sorption process is endothermic ( ΔH &gt; 0), increases randomness ( ΔS &gt; 0) and is spontaneous ( ΔG &lt; 0). The results imply that the composite could be used as a promising low-cost material for the removal of radionuclides from radioactive waste.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05755-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31267395</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acrylamide ; Acrylamide - chemistry ; Acrylates - chemistry ; Acrylic acid ; Acrylic Resins - chemistry ; Acrylics ; Aquatic Pollution ; Aqueous solutions ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Composite materials ; composite polymers ; Durapatite - chemistry ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Endothermic reactions ; endothermy ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Hydroxyapatite ; Ions ; Kinetics ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Radioactive Waste ; Radioactive wastes ; Radioisotopes ; Research Article ; Sorption ; sorption isotherms ; Strontium ; Strontium - analysis ; Strontium - chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019-09, Vol.26 (25), p.25641-25655</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Environmental Science and Pollution Research is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1264-675X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2250836779/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2250836779?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,11686,27922,27923,36058,36059,44361,74665</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31267395$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Hisham Soliman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) for sorptive removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption process were evaluated. The removal increased with time and achieved equilibrium after 1 h for all initial concentration ranges (10–50 mg/L). The highest removal of Sr(II) was achieved using 50 mg/L at pH 6. The sorption process was found to follow a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The equilibrium data are best described by the Langmuir model, with a monolayer capacity of 53.59 mg/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the sorption process is endothermic ( ΔH &gt; 0), increases randomness ( ΔS &gt; 0) and is spontaneous ( ΔG &lt; 0). The results imply that the composite could be used as a promising low-cost material for the removal of radionuclides from radioactive waste.</description><subject>Acrylamide</subject><subject>Acrylamide - chemistry</subject><subject>Acrylates - chemistry</subject><subject>Acrylic acid</subject><subject>Acrylic Resins - chemistry</subject><subject>Acrylics</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>composite polymers</subject><subject>Durapatite - chemistry</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Endothermic reactions</subject><subject>endothermy</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Hydroxyapatite</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Radioactive Waste</subject><subject>Radioactive wastes</subject><subject>Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Sorption</subject><subject>sorption isotherms</subject><subject>Strontium</subject><subject>Strontium - analysis</subject><subject>Strontium - chemistry</subject><subject>Thermodynamics</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>M0C</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1PFTEUhhujkQv6B1yQJm5gUenp5-2SEAQSEje6bno7rQ6ZmQ7tDDr_3g4XJWGhqzbtc55z2hehD0A_AaX6rABwqQgFQ6jUUhJ4hTagQBAtjHmNNtQIQYALcYAOS7mjlFHD9Ft0wIEpzY3coJ-XD66b3dSmAaeIfyxNTr8WN9aTKZyNqVtOnM9L5_q2CeRx23rsfNuc4pgyLimPU_sQcA59qqpVUqachqmde1ytBceceuzu55DmUvluXpu9Q2-i60p4_7QeoW-fL79eXJPbL1c3F-e3xAshJ6JZVIxFLSkIYJrHhu2icUxEB3LHJfVOOwhU-OhVo_mWq6h50FA_aBsc40foZO8dc6ojlMn2bfGh69ywzmMZB8m2ihr1f5RJUFvDqazoxxfoXZrzUB-yUrROobWpFNtTPqdScoh2zG3v8mKB2jVBu0_Q1gTtY4IWatHxk3re9aH5W_InsgrwPVDq1fA95Ofe_9D-Bur2p5k</recordid><startdate>20190901</startdate><enddate>20190901</enddate><creator>Hassan, Hisham Soliman</creator><creator>El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed</creator><creator>Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-675X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190901</creationdate><title>Evaluation of hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) for sorptive removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution</title><author>Hassan, Hisham Soliman ; El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed ; Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Acrylamide</topic><topic>Acrylamide - chemistry</topic><topic>Acrylates - chemistry</topic><topic>Acrylic acid</topic><topic>Acrylic Resins - chemistry</topic><topic>Acrylics</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>composite polymers</topic><topic>Durapatite - chemistry</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Endothermic reactions</topic><topic>endothermy</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Hydroxyapatite</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Radioactive Waste</topic><topic>Radioactive wastes</topic><topic>Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Sorption</topic><topic>sorption isotherms</topic><topic>Strontium</topic><topic>Strontium - analysis</topic><topic>Strontium - chemistry</topic><topic>Thermodynamics</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Hisham Soliman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest_ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>PHMC-Proquest健康医学期刊库</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>One Business (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hassan, Hisham Soliman</au><au>El-Kamash, Ahmed Mohamed</au><au>Ibrahim, Haneen Abdel-Salam</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) for sorptive removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2019-09-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>25</issue><spage>25641</spage><epage>25655</epage><pages>25641-25655</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption process were evaluated. The removal increased with time and achieved equilibrium after 1 h for all initial concentration ranges (10–50 mg/L). The highest removal of Sr(II) was achieved using 50 mg/L at pH 6. The sorption process was found to follow a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The equilibrium data are best described by the Langmuir model, with a monolayer capacity of 53.59 mg/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the sorption process is endothermic ( ΔH &gt; 0), increases randomness ( ΔS &gt; 0) and is spontaneous ( ΔG &lt; 0). The results imply that the composite could be used as a promising low-cost material for the removal of radionuclides from radioactive waste.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>31267395</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-019-05755-1</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-675X</orcidid></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0944-1344
ispartof Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019-09, Vol.26 (25), p.25641-25655
issn 0944-1344
1614-7499
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2251689305
source ABI/INFORM Global (ProQuest); Springer Nature
subjects Acrylamide
Acrylamide - chemistry
Acrylates - chemistry
Acrylic acid
Acrylic Resins - chemistry
Acrylics
Aquatic Pollution
Aqueous solutions
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Composite materials
composite polymers
Durapatite - chemistry
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Endothermic reactions
endothermy
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Hydroxyapatite
Ions
Kinetics
Polymerization
Polymers
Radioactive Waste
Radioactive wastes
Radioisotopes
Research Article
Sorption
sorption isotherms
Strontium
Strontium - analysis
Strontium - chemistry
Thermodynamics
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
title Evaluation of hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) for sorptive removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T14%3A23%3A27IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation%20of%20hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic%20acid)%20for%20sorptive%20removal%20of%20strontium%20ions%20from%20aqueous%20solution&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20science%20and%20pollution%20research%20international&rft.au=Hassan,%20Hisham%20Soliman&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=25641&rft.epage=25655&rft.pages=25641-25655&rft.issn=0944-1344&rft.eissn=1614-7499&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11356-019-05755-1&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2315286096%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-72f622f750141273fd2bf9a24fa15b350ca7a1e04cfc6d73836f73e711008ea23%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2250836779&rft_id=info:pmid/31267395&rfr_iscdi=true