Hybridization preceded radiation in diploid wheats

• Published in: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2019-10, Vol.139, p.106554-106554, Article 106554
• Main Authors: Huynh, Stella, Marcussen, Thomas, Felber, François, Parisod, Christian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aegilops-Triticum; Amplicon sequencing; Biological Evolution; Cell Nucleus - genetics; Diploidy; Genome, Plant; Hybrid speciation; Hybridization, Genetic; Multispecies coalescent network; Phylogeny; Reticulate evolution; Species Specificity; Triticum - genetics
• ISSN: 1055-7903; 1095-9513
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106554

[Display omitted] •Amplicon sequencing of nuclear loci infers reliable species phylogeny.•Triticum, Aegilops and Amblyopyrum are intermingled within a monophyletic wheat lineage.•Most Aegilops species originated from hybridization between progenitors of Triticum and Ae. speltoides.•Hybrid origin was followed by intense diversification into almost all wild wheats. Evolutionary relationships among the Aegilops-Triticum relatives of cultivated wheats have been difficult to resolve owing to incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution. Recent studies have suggested that the wheat D-genome lineage (progenitor of Ae. tauschii) originated through homoploid hybridization between the A-genome lineage (progenitor of Triticum s.str.) and the B-genome lineage (progenitor of Ae. speltoides). This scenario of reticulation has been debated, calling for adequate phylogenetic analyses based on comprehensive sampling. To reconstruct the evolution of Aegilops-Triticum diploids, we here combined high-throughput sequencing of 38 nuclear low-copy loci of multiple accessions of all 13 species with inferences of the species phylogeny using the full-parameterized MCMC_SEQ method. Phylogenies recovered a monophyletic Aegilops-Triticum lineage that began diversifying ~6.6 Ma ago and gave rise to four sublineages, i.e. the A- (2 species), B- (1 species), D- (9 species) and T- (Ae. mutica) genome lineage. Full-parameterized phylogenies as well as patterns of tree dilation and tree compression supported a hybrid origin of the D-genome lineage from A and B ~3.0–4.0 Ma ago, and did not indicate additional hybridization events. Conflicting ABBA-BABA tests suggestive of further reticulation were shown here to result from ancestral population structure rather than hybridization. This comprehensive and dated phylogeny of wheat relatives indicates that the origin of the hybrid D-genome was followed by intense diversification into the majority of extant diploid as well as allopolyploid wild wheats.