CRISPR-Cas9 system: A new-fangled dawn in gene editing

Till date, only three techniques namely Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), Transcription-Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-Associated 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) are available for targeted genome editing. CRISPR-Cas system is very efficient,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life sciences (1973) 2019-09, Vol.232, p.116636-116636, Article 116636
Main Authors: Gupta, Darshana, Bhattacharjee, Oindrila, Mandal, Drishti, Sen, Madhab Kumar, Dey, Dhritiman, Dasgupta, Adhiraj, Kazi, Tawsif Ahmed, Gupta, Rahul, Sinharoy, Senjuti, Acharya, Krishnendu, Chattopadhyay, Dhrubajyoti, Ravichandiran, V., Roy, Syamal, Ghosh, Dipanjan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
CRISPR
CRISPR-Cas9
Gene expression
Genetic modification
Genome editing
Genomes
Knock in
Knock out
Labeling
Medical treatment
Nuclease
Parasites
Protozoa
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Transcription
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases
Zinc
Zinc finger proteins
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Summary:Till date, only three techniques namely Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), Transcription-Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-Associated 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) are available for targeted genome editing. CRISPR-Cas system is very efficient, fast, easy and cheap technique for achieving knock-out gene in the cell. CRISPR-Cas9 system refurbishes the targeted genome editing approach into a more expedient and competent way, thus facilitating proficient genome editing through embattled double-strand breaks in approximately any organism and cell type. The off-target effects of CRISPR Cas system has been circumnavigated by using paired nickases. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9 has been used effectively for numerous purposes, like knock-out of a gene, regulation of endogenous gene expression, live-cell labelling of chromosomal loci, edition of single-stranded RNA and high-throughput gene screening. The execution of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has amplified the number of accessible scientific substitutes for studying gene function, thus enabling generation of CRISPR-based disease models. Even though many mechanistic questions are left behind to be answered and the system is not yet fool-proof i.e., a number of challenges are yet to be addressed, the employment of CRISPR-Cas9–based genome engineering technologies will increase our understanding to disease processes and their treatment in the near future. In this review we have discussed the history of CRISPR-Cas9, its mechanism for genome editing and its application in animal, plant and protozoan parasites. Additionally, the pros and cons of CRISPR-Cas9 and its potential in therapeutic application have also been detailed here. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0024-3205
1879-0631
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116636