Importance of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) as an odorant in the emissions from anaerobically stabilized dewatered biosolids

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) 2019-12, Vol.236, p.124340-124340, Article 124340
• Main Authors: Barczak, R.J., Fisher, R.M., Le-Minh, N., Stuetz, R.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anisoles - analysis; Australia; Earthy; GC-MSD/ODP; Moldy; Musty; Odorants; Odorants - analysis; Odour; Olfactory; Sewage - chemistry; Soil; Sulfur Compounds - analysis; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Wastewater treatment plants
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.071

Odours from stabilized biosolids after anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge can cause local community impact. Apart from the well-known odorants such as sulfur compounds, contributions from other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nuisance odours is limited. The presence of compounds with low odour detection thresholds (ODTs) at low concentrations, can present challenges for analytical identification. Thirty-six biosolids samples were taken after anaerobic stabilisation and dewatering at a wastewater treatment plant, Sydney, Australia. Biosolid cake samples were stored outside in loosely covered trays under aerobic conditions, however without interactions with soil microorganisms as it would be in reality. All biosolids cake samples were analysed over a period of 35 days. Emissions were collected onto Tenax TA sorbent tubes using a U.S. EPA flux hood method at storage days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 35. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometer detector (MSD) and an olfactory detection port (ODP) was used to identify a musty/moldy/earthy type odorant in the biosolids emissions as 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA). Measured odour intensities, classified on a scale from 1 to 4, and odour characters were specified by three ODP assessors. TCA was identified in all biosolid cake emissions. The measured odour intensities of the TCA did not significantly alter as the biosolids were aged, however varied between biosolids cakes. Due to its odour intensity, 85% frequency of detection and its low ODT, which is orders of magnitudes lower than sulfur compounds, TCA should be considered as a potential odorant of concern in biosolids emissions. •2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) was identified in the emission from ageing dewatered biosolids.•GC-ODP system allowed identifying TCA in the concentrations below MSD detection limit.•TCA are likely to contribute to the overall odour from biosolids emission.