Influence of Marek’s disease virus vaccines on chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-dependent-type I interferon signal transduction pathway with a highlight on their secondary impact on the immune responses post Newcastle disease virus vaccination

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2019-08, Vol.235, p.248-256
• Main Authors: Hassanin, Ola, Abdallah, Fatma, Mohamed, Mahmoud H.A., Abdel Fattah, Doaa M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Chicken interferon-alpha; Chickens; Immune response; Immune response (humoral); Immune system; Immunity, Humoral; Immunity, Innate; Innate immunity; Interferon; Interferon Type I - immunology; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 - genetics; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 - immunology; Livestock; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Marek Disease - immunology; Marek Disease - prevention & control; Marek Disease Vaccines - immunology; Marek Disease Vaccines - therapeutic use; Marek's disease; Marek’s disease virus; Melanoma; Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 “MDA5” dependent; Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease virus; Newcastle disease virus - pathogenicity; Poultry; Poultry Diseases - immunology; Poultry Diseases - prevention & control; Poultry Diseases - virology; Signal Transduction; Transduction; Vaccination; Vaccine and chicken; Vaccines; Viruses; α-Interferon
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.008

•MDV vaccines, Rispens and HVT, stimulated type I interferon response three days post vaccination.•The stimulation continued up to 10 days in the instance of HVT and declined in the case of Rispens.•Increasing the doses of Rispens and HVT led to suppression in the investigated pathway, five and ten days post vaccination.•HVT, HVT-VP2 and Rispens MDV vaccines reduced chicken humoral immunity post NDV vaccination.•Rispens and HVT-VP2 downregulated the chIFN-α related cytokines and the protection rate post NDV challenge. Marek’s disease virus (MDV) leads to a lytic infection of B-lymphocytes in chickens, and also latently infects T-lymphocytes. Although Marek’s disease vaccines have been widely in use, little is known about the innate immune response of this important livestock vaccine. In this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied Marek’s disease vaccines on the expression pattern of selected genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chIFN-α) (melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 “MDA5″ dependent) signal transduction pathway. Both MDV serotype I (Rispens) and serotype III (Herpesvirus of turkey “HVT”) vaccines could stimulate MDA5 dependent-type I interferon response as early as three days post vaccination in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulation continued up to 10 days in the instance of HVT vaccine and declined in the case of Rispens. Surprisingly, increasing the doses of the two vaccines led to dose-dependent down-regulation in the expression pattern of the investigated pathway, five and ten days post vaccination. Additionally, to shed the light on the consequent effect on the immune responses of the other viral vaccine, another experimental model based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines was designed using HVT, HVT-VP2 and Rispens MDV vaccines. The three MDV vaccines were found to reduce chicken humoral immune response post NDV vaccination. However, only Rispens and HVT-VP2 had suppressive effects on the expression of MDA5-dependent-chIFN-α related cytokines. Consistent with this finding, the protection rate and NDV- humoral immune response post challenge with virulent NDV strain was lower in case of Rispens and HVT-VP2 vaccines.