A three-dimensional analysis of scoliosis progression in non-idiopathic scoliosis: is it similar to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

• Published in: Child's nervous system 2019-09, Vol.35 (9), p.1585-1590
• Main Authors: Bachmann, Keith R., Yaszay, Burt, Bartley, Carrie E., Bastrom, Tracey P., Reighard, Fredrick G., Upasani, Vidyadhar V., Newton, Peter O.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurosciences; Neurosurgery; Original Article
• ISSN: 0256-7040; 1433-0350
• DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04239-4

Purpose To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of spine deformity in patients with non-idiopathic scoliosis compared with those observed in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients with non-idiopathic scoliosis. Twenty-eight patients with neural axis (NA) abnormalities (Chiari 1, syrinx) and 20 patients with connective tissue disorder (CTD) (Marfan’s, Beal’s, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, mixed) were identified. The 3D parameters of the coronal, sagittal, and axial plane were compared with 284 AIS patients with a similar range of coronal deformity. Results The average coronal curve was similar between all three groups (AIS 48 ± 15°, CTD 43 ± 22°, and NA 49 ± 18°; p  = 0.4). The NA patients had significantly greater 3D thoracic kyphosis (20 ± 18° vs 10 ± 15°, p  = 0.001) and less thoracic apical vertebral rotation (− 5 ± 18° vs − 12 ± 10°, p  = 0.003) when compared with AIS. The CTD group’s 3D thoracic kyphosis ( p  = 0.7) and apical vertebral rotation ( p  = 0.09) did not significantly differ from AIS. Significant negative correlations were found in all three groups between thoracic kyphosis and coronal curve magnitude (AIS r  = − 0.49, CTD r  = − 0.772, NA r  = −0.677, all p