Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Gd chelates have occupied most of the market of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for decades. However, there have been some problems (nephrotoxicity, non‐specificity, and low r1) that limit their applications. Herein, a wet‐chemical method is proposed for facile synthesis of poly(acr...

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Published in:Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2019-10, Vol.15 (41), p.e1903422-n/a
Main Authors: Shen, Zheyu, Fan, Wenpei, Yang, Zhen, Liu, Yijing, Bregadze, Vladimir I., Mandal, Swadhin K., Yung, Bryant C., Lin, Lisen, Liu, Ting, Tang, Wei, Shan, Lingling, Liu, Yuan, Zhu, Shoujun, Wang, Sheng, Yang, Weijing, Bryant, L. Henry, Nguyen, Duong T., Wu, Aiguo, Chen, Xiaoyuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylic acid
Biocompatibility
Chelates
Chemical synthesis
Conjugation
Contrast agents
Dimers
exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles
Gadolinium
Gadolinium oxide
Gadolinium oxides
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Organic chemistry
Receptors
remarkable relaxivities
Tumors
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Summary:Gd chelates have occupied most of the market of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for decades. However, there have been some problems (nephrotoxicity, non‐specificity, and low r1) that limit their applications. Herein, a wet‐chemical method is proposed for facile synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (ES‐GON‐PAA) with an excellent water dispersibility and a size smaller than 2.0 nm, which is a powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases due to its remarkable relaxivities (r1 = 70.2 ± 1.8 mM−1 s−1, and r2/r1 = 1.02 ± 0.03, at 1.5 T). The r1 is much higher and the r2/r1 is lower than that of the commercial Gd chelates and reported gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GONs). Further ES‐GON‐PAA is developed with conjugation of RGD2 (RGD dimer) (i.e., ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors that overexpress RGD receptors (i.e., integrin αvβ3). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors reaches up to 372 ± 56% at 2 h post‐injection of ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd‐chelates (
ISSN:1613-6810
1613-6829
DOI:10.1002/smll.201903422