Olfactory mucosa stem cells: An available candidate for the treatment of the Parkinson's disease

• Published in: Journal of cellular physiology 2019-12, Vol.234 (12), p.23763-23773
• Main Authors: Simorgh, Sara, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Eftekharzadeh, Mina, Haramshahi, Seyed Mohammad Amin, Milan, Peiman Brouki, Doshmanziari, Maryam, Ramezanpour, Farnaz, Gholipourmalekabadi, Mazaher, Seifi, Morteza, Moradi, Fatemeh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basal ganglia; Central nervous system diseases; Disorders; Dopamine; Dopamine receptors; Dopamine transporter; ectomesenchymal stem cells; Flow cytometry; Hydroxylase; Immunocytochemistry; Immunosuppressive agents; Implantation; Lamina propria; Movement disorders; Mucosa; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurons; Olfactory epithelium; olfactory mucosa; Parkinson's disease; Pax2 protein; Pax5 protein; Perchlorate; Perchloric acid; Polymerase chain reaction; Regeneration; Rodents; Signs and symptoms; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Substantia nigra; Transplantation; Tyrosine; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
• ISSN: 0021-9541; 1097-4652
• DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28944

Olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE‐MSCs) possess the immunosuppressive activity and regeneration capacity and hold a lot of promises for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. This study aimed to determine OE‐MSCs which are able to augment and differentiate into functional neurons and regenerate the CNS and also examine whether the implantation of OE‐MSCs in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNpc) can improve Parkinson's symptoms in a rat model‐induced with 6‐hydroxydopamine. We isolated OE‐MSCs from lamina propria in olfactory mucosa and characterized them using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The therapeutic potential of OE‐MSCs was evaluated by the transplantation of isolated cells using a rat model of acute SN injury as a Parkinson's disease. Significant behavioral improvement in Parkinsonian rats was elicited by the OE‐MSCs. The results demonstrate that the expression of PAX2, PAX5, PITX3, dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase was increased by OE‐MSCs compared to the control group which is analyzed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique and immunohistochemical staining. In the outcome, the transplantation of 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′3'‐tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled OE‐MSCs that were fully differentiated to dopaminergic neurons contribute to a substantial improvement in patients with Parkinson's. Together, our results provide that using OE‐MSCs in neurodegenerative disorders might lead to better neural regeneration. In the current article, it is demonstrated that olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells with high proliferative capacity and also neurogenic properties can compensate for the loss of the dopaminergic marker in Parkinson's models. So, this new source of mesenchymal stem cells could be considered in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's by researchers in the future.