Prevalence of Zika and malaria in patients with fever in secondary healthcare facilities in south-eastern Nigeria

We describe the frequency of Zika and malaria among patients presenting with fever to secondary health facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional, stratified survey design, we randomly selected nine facilities and consecutively recruited 100 participants (aged ≥ 1 year) who pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tropical doctor 2020-01, Vol.50 (1), p.22-30
Main Authors: Otu, Akaninyene A, Udoh, Ubong A, Ita, Okokon I, Hicks, Joseph P, Ukpeh, Ido, Walley, John
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Child
Child, Preschool
Coinfection - epidemiology
Coinfection - virology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Fever - epidemiology
Fever - virology
Health Facilities
Humans
Infant
Malaria - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Nigeria - epidemiology
Prevalence
Young Adult
Zika Virus Infection - epidemiology
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Summary:We describe the frequency of Zika and malaria among patients presenting with fever to secondary health facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional, stratified survey design, we randomly selected nine facilities and consecutively recruited 100 participants (aged ≥ 1 year) who presented with fever. On testing blood samples using Biocan qualitative lateral flow immuno-chromatographic cassettes for Zika IgG and IgM, 10% were seropositive for Zika virus (ZIKV) IgM, 12% for ZIKV IgG and 20% for ZIKV IgM, IgG or both. Following microscopy of thick films stained with Giemsa for malaria parasites, 55% were positive for malaria and 15% were positive for both malaria and ZIKV IgM, IgG or both. A moderately negative association between urban and rural household location and seropositivity for ZIKV IgM or IgG was found on logistic regression. Our results clearly indicate a high rate of probable ZIKV and malaria co-incidence in Cross River State. Given the high risk of serious fetal outcomes following ZIKV infection, further epidemiological research and surveillance systems for ZIKV are clearly required.
ISSN:0049-4755
1758-1133
DOI:10.1177/0049475519872580