Direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C, reinfection and mortality among people attending an inner-city community health centre in Victoria, Canada

• Published in: The International journal of drug policy 2019-10, Vol.72, p.106-113
• Main Authors: Selfridge, Marion, Cunningham, Evan B., Milne, Rozalyn, Drost, Anne, Barnett, Tamara, Lundgren, Karen, Guarasci, Kellie, Grebely, Jason, Fraser, Chris
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage; Antiviral drugs; Blood diseases; British Columbia; Chart reviews; Cities; Clinical outcomes; Community Health Centers; Community health services; Community mental health services; DAA; Drug abuse; Drug overdose; Drug policy; Drug use; Drugs; Efficacy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Health disparities; Health services; Hepatitis; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C - drug therapy; Hepatitis C - epidemiology; Hepatitis C - mortality; HIV; HIV Infections - epidemiology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Injecting drug users; Inner city; Liver cirrhosis; Male; Marginality; Medical treatment; Mental health; Middle Aged; Mortality; Mortality rates; Opioids; Patients; PWID; Recurrence; Relapse; Retrospective Studies; Social inequality; Social Marginalization; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology; Sustained Virologic Response; Therapy; Treatment; Treatment needs; Treatment outcomes
• ISSN: 0955-3959; 1873-4758
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.03.001

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to be effective among PWID, but more real-world data on treatment outcomes is needed. The aim of this analysis was to assess the efficacy of DAA therapy, and the rate of reinfection and mortality among people attending an inner-city community health centre in Victoria, Canada. In this retrospective study, patients treated with DAA therapy between November 2014 and Dec 31, 2017 were included. Retrospective chart review was performed to assess recent injecting drug use (IDU, previous six months) or receipt of opioid agonist treatment (OAT). The primary endpoint was Sustained Virologic Response (SVR12). Secondary endpoints included HCV reinfection and mortality. Of 270 patients who initiated DAA treatment (31% female), 20% (n=54) had HIV/HCV coinfection, 32% (n=84) had cirrhosis, 67% (n=181) had genotype 1, 6% (n=15) had genotype 2, 26% (n=69) had genotype 3. 46% (n=125) of patients were receiving OAT and 49% (n=132) reported recent IDU. 98% (n=265) completed treatment; two people stopped due to mental health, two people died, and one was non-adherent. 92% (249 of 270) achieved SVR12. 16 patients with End of Treatment (EOT) response did not have a SVR12; 7 were lost to follow-up; 2 people refused bloodwork; 2 people died; 1 had reinfection; and 4 had viral relapse. There was no difference in SVR12 by OAT (OAT, 93% vs. no OAT, 91%, P=0.435), recent injecting drug use (yes, 92% vs. no, 92%, P=0.904), or HIV status (HIV, 92% vs. no HIV, 94%, P=0.498). Eight cases of HCV reinfection were observed over 253 person-years of follow up (3.2 cases per 100 person-years; 95% CI 1.6-6.3). Twenty people died (6.3 per 100 person-years; 95% CI 3.9-10.3), including two during therapy (drug overdose, n=2) and 18 following therapy completion (drug overdose, n=7). This study demonstrates that DAA treatment is effective among a marginalized population receiving care in an inner-city community health centre. The high mortality in this study highlights the importance of integrating HCV care within a framework addressing drug-related harms, preventing overdose mortality, addressing social inequalities, and improving the health of PWID.