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Detailed macro- and micromineral profile of milk: Effects of herd productivity, parity, and stage of lactation of cows of 6 dairy and dual-purpose breeds
The aim of this study was to quantify the major sources of variation in the levels of 15 minerals in individual milk samples collected from cows raised in multibreed dairy herds. The herds (n = 27) were classified into 2 categories, according to milk productivity. Milk productivity was based on the...
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Published in: | Journal of dairy science 2019-11, Vol.102 (11), p.9727-9739 |
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description | The aim of this study was to quantify the major sources of variation in the levels of 15 minerals in individual milk samples collected from cows raised in multibreed dairy herds. The herds (n = 27) were classified into 2 categories, according to milk productivity. Milk productivity was based on the net energy of lactating cows' average daily milk yield. Milk samples were collected from 240 cows of 6 different breeds: 3 specialized dairy (Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey) and 3 dual-purpose (Simmental, Rendena, and Alpine Grey). The samples were analyzed for macro-elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca), essential micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se), and environmental micro-elements (B, Si, Sr, and Sn), using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model that included fixed effects of days in milk (DIM), parity, breed, and herd productivity, and a random effect of herd-date within productivity level. Results showed that the effect of herd-date varied across minerals. It was especially large for environmental minerals (ranging from 47 to 91% of total variance) and ranged from 11 to 61% for macrominerals and essential microminerals. Milk samples collected from farms with a high level of herd productivity had a richer mineral profile than samples from low-productivity herds. Parity only influenced macrominerals, with the exception of S and Ca, while DIM influenced almost all minerals, with a few exceptions among the environmental elements. Differences in mineral profile were small between specialized and dual-purpose breeds, but they were large within the group of the specialized cows. These breed differences were reduced after adjusting for milk quality and yield, particularly in the case of milk Mg, S, Ca, Mn, and Zn levels. Milk samples from the Jersey and Brown Swiss cows had higher mineral levels (Sn excluded) than milk from the Holstein-Friesian cows; the other breeds of Alpine origin produced milk of intermediate quality. Our findings suggest that breed has a stronger effect on macrominerals and some of the essential microminerals than herd productivity, parity, and DIM. The modification of the mineral profile in milk seems possible for many minerals, but it likely depends on genetics (e.g., breed, selection) and on environmental and management factors in variable proportions according to the mineral considered. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3168/jds.2019-16834 |
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The herds (n = 27) were classified into 2 categories, according to milk productivity. Milk productivity was based on the net energy of lactating cows' average daily milk yield. Milk samples were collected from 240 cows of 6 different breeds: 3 specialized dairy (Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey) and 3 dual-purpose (Simmental, Rendena, and Alpine Grey). The samples were analyzed for macro-elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca), essential micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se), and environmental micro-elements (B, Si, Sr, and Sn), using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model that included fixed effects of days in milk (DIM), parity, breed, and herd productivity, and a random effect of herd-date within productivity level. Results showed that the effect of herd-date varied across minerals. It was especially large for environmental minerals (ranging from 47 to 91% of total variance) and ranged from 11 to 61% for macrominerals and essential microminerals. Milk samples collected from farms with a high level of herd productivity had a richer mineral profile than samples from low-productivity herds. Parity only influenced macrominerals, with the exception of S and Ca, while DIM influenced almost all minerals, with a few exceptions among the environmental elements. Differences in mineral profile were small between specialized and dual-purpose breeds, but they were large within the group of the specialized cows. These breed differences were reduced after adjusting for milk quality and yield, particularly in the case of milk Mg, S, Ca, Mn, and Zn levels. Milk samples from the Jersey and Brown Swiss cows had higher mineral levels (Sn excluded) than milk from the Holstein-Friesian cows; the other breeds of Alpine origin produced milk of intermediate quality. Our findings suggest that breed has a stronger effect on macrominerals and some of the essential microminerals than herd productivity, parity, and DIM. The modification of the mineral profile in milk seems possible for many minerals, but it likely depends on genetics (e.g., breed, selection) and on environmental and management factors in variable proportions according to the mineral considered.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0302</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3198</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16834</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31477292</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Breeding ; Brown Swiss ; Cattle - classification ; Cattle - physiology ; Dairying - methods ; Farms ; Female ; Holstein-Friesian ; Jersey ; Lactation - physiology ; Linear Models ; local breeds ; Milk - chemistry ; Milk - metabolism ; Minerals - analysis ; Minerals - classification ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; trace minerals</subject><ispartof>Journal of dairy science, 2019-11, Vol.102 (11), p.9727-9739</ispartof><rights>2019 American Dairy Science Association</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. 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The herds (n = 27) were classified into 2 categories, according to milk productivity. Milk productivity was based on the net energy of lactating cows' average daily milk yield. Milk samples were collected from 240 cows of 6 different breeds: 3 specialized dairy (Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey) and 3 dual-purpose (Simmental, Rendena, and Alpine Grey). The samples were analyzed for macro-elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca), essential micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se), and environmental micro-elements (B, Si, Sr, and Sn), using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model that included fixed effects of days in milk (DIM), parity, breed, and herd productivity, and a random effect of herd-date within productivity level. Results showed that the effect of herd-date varied across minerals. It was especially large for environmental minerals (ranging from 47 to 91% of total variance) and ranged from 11 to 61% for macrominerals and essential microminerals. Milk samples collected from farms with a high level of herd productivity had a richer mineral profile than samples from low-productivity herds. Parity only influenced macrominerals, with the exception of S and Ca, while DIM influenced almost all minerals, with a few exceptions among the environmental elements. Differences in mineral profile were small between specialized and dual-purpose breeds, but they were large within the group of the specialized cows. These breed differences were reduced after adjusting for milk quality and yield, particularly in the case of milk Mg, S, Ca, Mn, and Zn levels. Milk samples from the Jersey and Brown Swiss cows had higher mineral levels (Sn excluded) than milk from the Holstein-Friesian cows; the other breeds of Alpine origin produced milk of intermediate quality. Our findings suggest that breed has a stronger effect on macrominerals and some of the essential microminerals than herd productivity, parity, and DIM. The modification of the mineral profile in milk seems possible for many minerals, but it likely depends on genetics (e.g., breed, selection) and on environmental and management factors in variable proportions according to the mineral considered.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Brown Swiss</subject><subject>Cattle - classification</subject><subject>Cattle - physiology</subject><subject>Dairying - methods</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Holstein-Friesian</subject><subject>Jersey</subject><subject>Lactation - physiology</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>local breeds</subject><subject>Milk - chemistry</subject><subject>Milk - metabolism</subject><subject>Minerals - analysis</subject><subject>Minerals - classification</subject><subject>Parity</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>trace minerals</subject><issn>0022-0302</issn><issn>1525-3198</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kUtv1TAQhS0EopfCliXKkgW5-HGdxOxQKQ-pUjdlbU08E3DJC9tpdX8K_xYnt7Drah765khzDmOvBd8rUTXvbzHuJRemzIM6PGE7oaUulTDNU7bjXMqSKy7P2IsYb_MoJNfP2ZkSh7qWRu7Yn0-UwPeExQAuTGUBY259bgc_UoC-mMPUZaCYurzvf30oLruOXIrr4icFXAFcXPJ3Ph3fFTOEra46McGP7bAHlyD5aVwHN91vx1WB4MNxI3GBvpyXME-RijYQYXzJnnXQR3r1UM_Z98-XNxdfy6vrL98uPl6VTjWHVLYgBTh5qCRHLR1CCzW2lUbBTVM5U0toq9ZoJxyg07prUFec1wbBoepadc7ennTzH78XiskOPjrqexhpWqKVslHGVFzIjO5PaLYnxkCdnYMfIByt4HaNw-Y47BqH3eLIB28etJd2IPyP__M_A80JoPzhnadgo_M0OkIfsskWJ_-Y9l80Kptt</recordid><startdate>201911</startdate><enddate>201911</enddate><creator>Stocco, G.</creator><creator>Summer, A.</creator><creator>Malacarne, M.</creator><creator>Cecchinato, A.</creator><creator>Bittante, G.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-657X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-7049</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-720X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-698X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-9806</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201911</creationdate><title>Detailed macro- and micromineral profile of milk: Effects of herd productivity, parity, and stage of lactation of cows of 6 dairy and dual-purpose breeds</title><author>Stocco, G. ; Summer, A. ; Malacarne, M. ; Cecchinato, A. ; Bittante, G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-ba21ac24620d52cdaba7db65d10986c972ab6b95c1cadc55f8d560079dacd3fb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Brown Swiss</topic><topic>Cattle - classification</topic><topic>Cattle - physiology</topic><topic>Dairying - methods</topic><topic>Farms</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Holstein-Friesian</topic><topic>Jersey</topic><topic>Lactation - physiology</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>local breeds</topic><topic>Milk - chemistry</topic><topic>Milk - metabolism</topic><topic>Minerals - analysis</topic><topic>Minerals - classification</topic><topic>Parity</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>trace minerals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stocco, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Summer, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malacarne, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cecchinato, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bittante, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stocco, G.</au><au>Summer, A.</au><au>Malacarne, M.</au><au>Cecchinato, A.</au><au>Bittante, G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detailed macro- and micromineral profile of milk: Effects of herd productivity, parity, and stage of lactation of cows of 6 dairy and dual-purpose breeds</atitle><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><date>2019-11</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>9727</spage><epage>9739</epage><pages>9727-9739</pages><issn>0022-0302</issn><eissn>1525-3198</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study was to quantify the major sources of variation in the levels of 15 minerals in individual milk samples collected from cows raised in multibreed dairy herds. The herds (n = 27) were classified into 2 categories, according to milk productivity. Milk productivity was based on the net energy of lactating cows' average daily milk yield. Milk samples were collected from 240 cows of 6 different breeds: 3 specialized dairy (Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey) and 3 dual-purpose (Simmental, Rendena, and Alpine Grey). The samples were analyzed for macro-elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca), essential micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se), and environmental micro-elements (B, Si, Sr, and Sn), using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model that included fixed effects of days in milk (DIM), parity, breed, and herd productivity, and a random effect of herd-date within productivity level. Results showed that the effect of herd-date varied across minerals. It was especially large for environmental minerals (ranging from 47 to 91% of total variance) and ranged from 11 to 61% for macrominerals and essential microminerals. Milk samples collected from farms with a high level of herd productivity had a richer mineral profile than samples from low-productivity herds. Parity only influenced macrominerals, with the exception of S and Ca, while DIM influenced almost all minerals, with a few exceptions among the environmental elements. Differences in mineral profile were small between specialized and dual-purpose breeds, but they were large within the group of the specialized cows. These breed differences were reduced after adjusting for milk quality and yield, particularly in the case of milk Mg, S, Ca, Mn, and Zn levels. Milk samples from the Jersey and Brown Swiss cows had higher mineral levels (Sn excluded) than milk from the Holstein-Friesian cows; the other breeds of Alpine origin produced milk of intermediate quality. Our findings suggest that breed has a stronger effect on macrominerals and some of the essential microminerals than herd productivity, parity, and DIM. The modification of the mineral profile in milk seems possible for many minerals, but it likely depends on genetics (e.g., breed, selection) and on environmental and management factors in variable proportions according to the mineral considered.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>31477292</pmid><doi>10.3168/jds.2019-16834</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-657X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-7049</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-720X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-698X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-9806</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Breeding Brown Swiss Cattle - classification Cattle - physiology Dairying - methods Farms Female Holstein-Friesian Jersey Lactation - physiology Linear Models local breeds Milk - chemistry Milk - metabolism Minerals - analysis Minerals - classification Parity Pregnancy trace minerals |
title | Detailed macro- and micromineral profile of milk: Effects of herd productivity, parity, and stage of lactation of cows of 6 dairy and dual-purpose breeds |
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