Expectations Affect Physical Causation Judgments

When several causes contributed to an outcome, people often single out one as "the" cause. What explains this selection? Previous work has argued that people select abnormal events as causes, though recent work has shown that sometimes normal events are preferred over abnormal ones. Existi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of experimental psychology. General 2020-03, Vol.149 (3), p.599-607
Main Authors: Gerstenberg, Tobias, Icard, Thomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Causality
Cognition & reasoning
Counterfactual Thinking
Expectations
Experimental psychology
Female
Human
Intuition
Judgment
Male
Physics
Pragmatism
Reasoning
Responses
Test Construction
Visual Displays
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Summary:When several causes contributed to an outcome, people often single out one as "the" cause. What explains this selection? Previous work has argued that people select abnormal events as causes, though recent work has shown that sometimes normal events are preferred over abnormal ones. Existing studies have relied on vignettes that commonly feature agents committing immoral acts. An important challenge to the thesis that norms permeate causal reasoning is that people's responses may merely reflect pragmatic or social reasoning rather than arising from causal cognition per se. We tested this hypothesis by asking whether the previously observed patterns of causal selection emerge in tasks that recruit participants' causal reasoning about physical systems. Strikingly, we found that the same patterns observed in vignette studies with intentional agents arise in visual animations of physical interactions. Our results demonstrate how deeply normative expectations affect causal cognition.
ISSN:0096-3445
1939-2222
DOI:10.1037/xge0000670