Can Paraplegia by Disruption of the Spinal Cord Tissue Be Reversed? The Signs of a New Perspective

ABSTRACT Central nervous system (CNS) trauma is often related to tissue loss, leading to partial or complete disruption of spinal cord function due to neuronal death. Although generally irreversible, traditional therapeutic efforts, such as physical therapy exercises, are generally recommended, but...

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Published in:Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) N.J. : 2007), 2020-07, Vol.303 (7), p.1812-1820
Main Authors: Branco, Érika, Alves, José G.R., Pinheiro, Luane L., Coutinho, Leandro N., Gomes, Carolina R.M., Galvão, Gilvando R., Oliveira Dos Santos, Glaucia R., Moreira, Luiz F.M., David, Maridelzira B.M., Martins, Danielle M., Oliveira, Edivaldo H.C., Souza, Michel P.C., Beltrão‐Braga, Patrícia C.B., Russo, Fabiele B., Pignatari, Graciela C., Carvalho Miranda, Carla M.F., Lima, Ana R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomy
Animals
Autografts
Central nervous system
Dogs
Functional plasticity
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
Mesenchymal stem cells
Mesenchyme
Nerve Regeneration - physiology
Neuroplasticity
Paracrine signalling
Paralysis
Paraplegia
Paraplegia - etiology
Paraplegia - therapy
Paraplegia - veterinary
Physical therapy
Recovery of Function - physiology
Regeneration
Spinal cord injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries - complications
Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy
Spinal Cord Injuries - veterinary
Spinal plasticity
spine trauma
stem cell therapy
Stem cells
Therapeutics
Trauma
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Summary:ABSTRACT Central nervous system (CNS) trauma is often related to tissue loss, leading to partial or complete disruption of spinal cord function due to neuronal death. Although generally irreversible, traditional therapeutic efforts, such as physical therapy exercises, are generally recommended, but with a poor or reduced improvement of the microenvironment, which in turn stimulates neuroplasticity and neuroregeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have paracrine, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory effects. Here we use stem cells to see if they can promote not only physical but also the functional regeneration of neuronal tissue in dogs with CNS traumas. Two dogs, one with chronic spinal cord injury and one with subacute spinal cord injury, underwent infusion of autologous MSCs in association with physiotherapy. The two treatments in combination were able to partially or completely recover the dog's walking movement again. The treatment of MSCs in association with physical therapy improved the microenvironment, which could be evidence of a paradigm shift that the CNS is not capable of functional regeneration after aggressive traumas. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1812–1820, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
ISSN:1932-8486
1932-8494
DOI:10.1002/ar.24262