Perioperative multi-system optimization protocol in elderly hip fracture patients: a randomized-controlled trial

• Published in: Canadian journal of anesthesia 2019-12, Vol.66 (12), p.1472-1482
• Main Authors: Schmid, Sebastian, Blobner, Manfred, Haas, Brigitte, Lucke, Martin, Neumaier, Markus, Anetsberger, Aida, Jungwirth, Bettina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Cardiology; Critical Care Medicine; Delirium; Fractures; Health risk assessment; Intensive; Intensive care; Kidneys; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Optimization; Pain; Pain Medicine; Pediatrics; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Reports of Original Investigations; Surgery; Systematic review; Trauma
• ISSN: 0832-610X; 1496-8975
• DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01475-9

Purpose Hip fractures in elderly patients are associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. We evaluated whether a perioperative multi-system optimization protocol can reduce postoperative complications in these patients. Methods Immediately after diagnosis of hip fracture, patients ≥ 60 yr were randomized to an intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group were admitted to our postanesthesia care unit where they were treated with goal-directed hemodynamic management, optimized pain therapy, oxygen therapy, and optimized nutrition. Patients in the control group were managed according to our usual standard of care on a regular ward. Postoperative complications during hospital stay included pre-determined cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, renal, or surgical events. Results The incidence of at least one postoperative complication (primary outcome) was seen in 32 of 65 (49%) controls compared with 24 of 62 (39%) in the intervention group (relative risk [RR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 1.17; P = 0.23). The secondary unadjusted outcomes showed that patients in the intervention group received more Ringer’s acetate compared with controls (median difference, 1.3 L; 95% CI, 0.6 to 2.1 L; P < 0.001), had more frequently a mean arterial pressure > 70 mmHg (57% control vs 75% intervention; median percentage difference, 16%; 95% CI, 7 to 25%; P = 0.001), better pain control (numeric rating scale < 4 at all postoperative measurements; 25% control vs 81% intervention; RR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.43; P < 0.001), and possibly a lower incidence of acute renal failure (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.98; P = 0.04). Conclusions The implementation of a perioperative multi-system optimization protocol algorithm did not significantly reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Nevertheless, we likely over-estimated the potential treatment effect in our study design and thus were under-powered to show an effect. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01673776). Registered 23 August, 2012.