Biological sex influences antibody responses to routine vaccinations in the first year of life

Aim We investigated the effect of early‐life factors, namely sex, delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure, on antibody responses to routine vaccinations administered during the first year of life. Methods One and seven months after the primary course of routine vaccines and 1 month aft...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta Paediatrica 2020-01, Vol.109 (1), p.147-157
Main Authors: Zimmermann, Petra, Perrett, Kirsten P., Ritz, Nicole, Flanagan, Katie L., Robins‐Browne, Roy, van der Klis, Fiona R. M., Curtis, Nigel, Abruzzo, Veronica, Allen, Katie, Bonnici, Rhian, Casalaz, Dan, Elborough, Hannah, Freyne, Bridget, Gardiner, Kaya, Germano, Susie, Kollmann, Tobias, Messina, Nicole, Morrison, Clare, Nakaya, Helder, Ponsonby, Anne Louise, Shann, Frank, South, Mike, Vuillermin, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Antibiotics
Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Antigens
Breast Feeding
Cohort Studies
Exposure
Feeding
Female
Females
Hemagglutinins
Humans
humoral
Immune response (humoral)
immunisation
Immunization
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
immunoglobulin
Infant
Infants
Influence
Male
Males
Measles
Sex Characteristics
Tetanus
titre
Vaccination - statistics & numerical data
Vaccines
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Summary:Aim We investigated the effect of early‐life factors, namely sex, delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure, on antibody responses to routine vaccinations administered during the first year of life. Methods One and seven months after the primary course of routine vaccines and 1 month after routine vaccines at 12 months of age, antibodies against 26 vaccine antigens were measured in 398 healthy infants. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies (adjusted for effect modifiers with multiple linear regression) and the seroprotection rate for each vaccine were compared for each early‐life factor. Results Sex had an influence on GMCs. Antibody concentrations were significantly lower at 7 months of age in females for tetanus and filamentous haemagglutinin and at 13 months of age for pertactin. In contrast, at 13 months of age, antibody concentrations were significantly higher in females for polio type 3, pneumococcal serotype 6A and measles. Sex did not have an influence on seroprotection rates. Delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure did not exert a substantial influence on vaccine antibody concentrations. Conclusion There is a difference between males and females in the humoral response to routine vaccinations in the first year of life.
ISSN:0803-5253
1651-2227
DOI:10.1111/apa.14932