Low Temperature Enhances Plant Immunity via Salicylic Acid Pathway Genes That Are Repressed by Ethylene

Temperature has a large impact on plant immune responses. Earlier studies identified intracellular immune receptor nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes and salicylic acid (SA) as targets of high-temperature inhibition of plant immunity. Here, we report that moderately low temperature e...

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Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2020-01, Vol.182 (1), p.626-639
Main Authors: Li, Zhan, Liu, Huimin, Ding, Zehong, Yan, Jiapei, Yu, Huiyun, Pan, Ronghui, Hu, Jin, Guan, Yajing, Hua, Jian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis - drug effects
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis - microbiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Cyclopentanes - pharmacology
Ethylenes - pharmacology
Intramolecular Transferases - genetics
Intramolecular Transferases - metabolism
Oxylipins - pharmacology
Plant Immunity - genetics
Plant Immunity - physiology
Plants, Genetically Modified - drug effects
Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics
Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism
Plants, Genetically Modified - microbiology
Pseudomonas syringae - pathogenicity
Salicylic Acid - metabolism
Temperature
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Summary:Temperature has a large impact on plant immune responses. Earlier studies identified intracellular immune receptor nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes and salicylic acid (SA) as targets of high-temperature inhibition of plant immunity. Here, we report that moderately low temperature enhances immunity to the bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis ( ). This enhancement is dependent on SA signaling and is accompanied by up-regulation of multiple SA biosynthesis and signaling genes at lower temperature. SA signaling is repressed by jasmonic acid and ethylene at both normal and low temperatures. The inhibition of SA biosynthesis by ethylene, while mainly through ( / ) at normal temperature, is through ( )/ , , and at lower temperature. The repression by ethylene is mediated by a direct regulation of the ethylene response transcription factor ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) on multiple SA biosynthesis and signaling genes. Thus, low temperature enhances the SA pathway to promote immunity and at the same time uses ethylene to repress multiple SA regulators to achieve fine-tuned immune responses.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548
DOI:10.1104/pp.19.01130