Influence of Substrate Age on Oviposition Behavior of a Specialist Carrion Colonizer, Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

• Published in: Journal of medical entomology 2020-05, Vol.57 (3), p.686-690
• Main Authors: Kotzé, Zanthé, Tomberlin, Jeffery K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Animals; Arthropoda; Arthropods; Calliphoridae; Calliphoridae - physiology; Carcasses; Carrion; Cochliomyia macellaria; Colonization; Diptera; DIRECT INJURY, MYIASIS, FORENSICS; Exposure; Female; Food sources; Forensic Entomology; Offspring; Oviposition; Rats; Specialization; Species extinction; Substrates; succession; Vertebrates
• ISSN: 0022-2585; 1938-2928
• DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz214

The location and consumption of carrion by arthropods is a process that can be potentially distinguished temporally based on the makeup of the associated community. In fact, succession on carrion is a continuum of different generalist and specialist arthropods entering and leaving the system. Blow flies commonly associated with vertebrate remains are considered specialists due to their reliance on carrion as a source of food for offspring and protein for females. However, this specialization may come at a price; increased competition for resources and greater risk of local extinction. The present study examined the effects of the presence or absence of intraspecific colonization, carcass age, and exposure time on the colonization and oviposition responses of the specialist, primary colonizer, the secondary screw worm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Carcass age, exposure time, and colonization status significantly influenced the ovipositional response of C. macellaria. This species exhibited an oviposition preference for aged carcasses, with a tendency for higher oviposition after 8-h exposure time, but no preference between previously colonized or uncolonized carcasses. Mean egg hatch rate was also shown to be influenced by the aforementioned factors, with mean hatch rates varying between 81.26 and 90.97% across various treatments. These results provide insight into mechanisms driving succession on carrion, as well as highlight the variation observed in successional studies for the targeted species. Investigators relying on arthropod succession to indicate a time of colonization should proceed with caution in relying solely on the assumption primary colonizers only arrive and colonize fresh carrion.