Systemic lupus erythematosus: Possible localization of trypsin‐like and metalloprotease active centers in the protein sequence of the monoclonal light chain (NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr)

• Published in: Biotechnology and applied biochemistry 2020-11, Vol.67 (6), p.946-959
• Main Authors: Timofeeva, Anna M., Nevinsky, Georgy A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: abzyme catalytic centers; Amino acid sequence; Antibodies; Calcium; Calcium ions; Catalysis; Chains; Chelation; Chemical reactions; Chronic conditions; Enzymatic activity; Enzymes; Homology; Light; Light chains; Localization; Lupus; Lymphocytes; Metal concentrations; Metal ions; Metalloproteinase; monoclonal light chains; Myelin; Myelin basic protein; Peripheral blood; Proteins; proteolytic activity; Serine; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Trypsin; Zinc
• ISSN: 0885-4513; 1470-8744
• DOI: 10.1002/bab.1858

It was previously shown that several monoclonal light chains corresponding to the phagemid library of recombinant peripheral blood lymphocyte immunoglobulin light chains of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus specifically hydrolyze only myelin basic protein (MBP). Canonical enzymes usually have only one active site catalyzing some kind of chemical reaction. It was shown previously that in contrast to classical enzymes, preparations of one of the light chains (NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr) showed two optimal pH values, two optimal concentrations of metal ions, and two Km values for MBP. One protease active site of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr was trypsin like, whereas second one was metal dependent. In this article, a search for protein sequences of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr responsible for catalytic functions was carried out. We performed, for the first time, analysis of the homology of the protein sequence of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr with those of several classical Zn2+‐ and Ca2+‐dependent, as well as human serine, proteases. The analysis allowed us to identify the protein sequences of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr responsible for serine‐like activity, the binding of MBP, and chelation of metal ions and catalysis directly. The data obtained are summarized using hypothetical models of the structure of the two active centers of a very unusual light chain of antibodies (Abs). The findings obtained may be very important for understanding possible structure of active centers of very unusual light chain of Abs possessing several enzymatic activities.