Early experiences of insensitive caregiving and children's self-regulation: Vagal tone as a differential susceptibility factor

A considerable body of research has linked parenting to the development of children's self-regulation. However, few studies have considered different domains of self-regulation, the effects of early caregiving behaviors, and whether or not parenting influences children equally. Towards this, th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Development and psychopathology 2020-10, Vol.32 (4), p.1460-1472
Main Authors: Skibo, Michael A., Sturge-Apple, Melissa L., Suor, Jennifer H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Anger
Behavior
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Emotions
Female
Humans
Mothers
Parenting
Parents & parenting
Peers
Regular Articles
Self-Control
Socialization
Susceptibility
Vagus Nerve
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Summary:A considerable body of research has linked parenting to the development of children's self-regulation. However, few studies have considered different domains of self-regulation, the effects of early caregiving behaviors, and whether or not parenting influences children equally. Towards this, the present investigation tested how early maternal insensitivity was associated with difficulties in children's effortful control in early childhood and their regulation of negative emotions during the early school years. Further, we tested whether children's resting vagal tone may operate as a susceptibility factor, consistent with differential susceptibility models. The sample included 220 pairs of mothers and their children who were assessed at 18 months, 3.5 years and 5 years of age. Laboratory visits consisted of observational paradigms and survey assessments. Early maternal insensitivity at 18 months of age forecasted difficulties with effortful control at age 3.5. Moreover, effortful control at age 3.5 was associated with greater anger, but not sadness, regulation at age 5. Consistent with differential susceptibility, children's resting vagal tone at 18 months of age moderated the role of early caregiving on children's effortful control. The findings suggest that low resting vagal tone may operate as a differential susceptibility factor in process models testing associations between early caregiving environments and children's self-regulation.
ISSN:0954-5794
1469-2198
DOI:10.1017/S0954579419001408