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X‐Linked Hypophosphatemia: Uniquely Mild Disease Associated With PHEX 3′‐UTR Mutation c.231A>G (A Retrospective Case–Control Study)

ABSTRACT X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most prevalent heritable renal phosphate (Pi) wasting disorder, is caused by deactivating mutations of PHEX. Consequently, circulating phosphatonin FGF23 becomes elevated and hypophosphatemia in affected children leads to rickets with skeletal deformity...

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Published in:Journal of bone and mineral research 2020-05, Vol.35 (5), p.920-931
Main Authors: Smith, Pamela S, Gottesman, Gary S, Zhang, Fan, Cook, Fiona, Ramirez, Beatriz, Wenkert, Deborah, Wollberg, Valerie, Huskey, Margaret, Mumm, Steven, Whyte, Michael P
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-bf3882d7cf587e67c11cb4930f0c2eef5ce4a344d23a6d8cc7aa1617077cb45c3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-bf3882d7cf587e67c11cb4930f0c2eef5ce4a344d23a6d8cc7aa1617077cb45c3
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container_title Journal of bone and mineral research
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creator Smith, Pamela S
Gottesman, Gary S
Zhang, Fan
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Wollberg, Valerie
Huskey, Margaret
Mumm, Steven
Whyte, Michael P
description ABSTRACT X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most prevalent heritable renal phosphate (Pi) wasting disorder, is caused by deactivating mutations of PHEX. Consequently, circulating phosphatonin FGF23 becomes elevated and hypophosphatemia in affected children leads to rickets with skeletal deformity and reduced linear growth while affected adults suffer from osteomalacia and forms of ectopic mineralization. In 2015, we reported uniquely mild XLH in six children and four of their mothers carrying the non‐coding PHEX 3′‐UTR mutation c.*231A>G. Herein, we characterize this mild XLH variant by comparing its features in 30 individuals to 30 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with XLH but without the 3′‐UTR mutation. The “UTR” and “XLH” groups, both comprising 17 children (2 to 17 years, 3 girls) and 13 adults (23 to 63 years, 10 women), had mean ages of 23 years. Only 43% of the UTR group versus 90% of the XLH group had received medical treatment for their disorder, including 0% versus 85% of the females, respectively (ps 
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Consequently, circulating phosphatonin FGF23 becomes elevated and hypophosphatemia in affected children leads to rickets with skeletal deformity and reduced linear growth while affected adults suffer from osteomalacia and forms of ectopic mineralization. In 2015, we reported uniquely mild XLH in six children and four of their mothers carrying the non‐coding PHEX 3′‐UTR mutation c.*231A&gt;G. Herein, we characterize this mild XLH variant by comparing its features in 30 individuals to 30 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with XLH but without the 3′‐UTR mutation. The “UTR” and “XLH” groups, both comprising 17 children (2 to 17 years, 3 girls) and 13 adults (23 to 63 years, 10 women), had mean ages of 23 years. Only 43% of the UTR group versus 90% of the XLH group had received medical treatment for their disorder, including 0% versus 85% of the females, respectively (ps &lt; .0001). The UTR group was taller: mean ± SD height Z‐score (HZ) −1.0 ± 1.0 versus −2.0 ± 1.4 (p = .0034), with significantly greater height for females (−0.9 ± 0.7 versus −2.3 ± 1.4; p = .0050) but not males (−1.2 ± 1.1 versus −1.9 ± 1.5; p = .1541), respectively. Mean ± SD “arm span Z‐score” (AZ) did not differ between the UTR −0.8 ± 1.3 versus XLH −1.3 ± 1.8 groups (p = .2269). Consequently, the UTR group was more proportionate with a mean ∆Z (AZ – HZ) of 0.1 ± 0.6 versus 0.7 ± 1.0 (p = .0158), respectively. Compared to the XLH group, the UTR group had significantly higher fasting serum Pi and renal tubular threshold maximum for phosphorus per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) (ps ≤ .0060), serum FGF23 concentrations within the reference range (p = .0068), and similar serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p = .6513). UTR lumbar spine bone mineral density Z‐score was higher (p = .0343). 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Consequently, circulating phosphatonin FGF23 becomes elevated and hypophosphatemia in affected children leads to rickets with skeletal deformity and reduced linear growth while affected adults suffer from osteomalacia and forms of ectopic mineralization. In 2015, we reported uniquely mild XLH in six children and four of their mothers carrying the non‐coding PHEX 3′‐UTR mutation c.*231A&gt;G. Herein, we characterize this mild XLH variant by comparing its features in 30 individuals to 30 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with XLH but without the 3′‐UTR mutation. The “UTR” and “XLH” groups, both comprising 17 children (2 to 17 years, 3 girls) and 13 adults (23 to 63 years, 10 women), had mean ages of 23 years. Only 43% of the UTR group versus 90% of the XLH group had received medical treatment for their disorder, including 0% versus 85% of the females, respectively (ps &lt; .0001). The UTR group was taller: mean ± SD height Z‐score (HZ) −1.0 ± 1.0 versus −2.0 ± 1.4 (p = .0034), with significantly greater height for females (−0.9 ± 0.7 versus −2.3 ± 1.4; p = .0050) but not males (−1.2 ± 1.1 versus −1.9 ± 1.5; p = .1541), respectively. Mean ± SD “arm span Z‐score” (AZ) did not differ between the UTR −0.8 ± 1.3 versus XLH −1.3 ± 1.8 groups (p = .2269). Consequently, the UTR group was more proportionate with a mean ∆Z (AZ – HZ) of 0.1 ± 0.6 versus 0.7 ± 1.0 (p = .0158), respectively. Compared to the XLH group, the UTR group had significantly higher fasting serum Pi and renal tubular threshold maximum for phosphorus per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) (ps ≤ .0060), serum FGF23 concentrations within the reference range (p = .0068), and similar serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p = .6513). UTR lumbar spine bone mineral density Z‐score was higher (p = .0343). Thus, the 3′‐UTR variant of XLH is distinctly mild, especially in girls and women, posing challenges for its recognition and management. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Bone mineral density</subject><subject>BUROSUMAB</subject><subject>CALCITRIOL</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>DXA</subject><subject>Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets - genetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>FGF23</subject><subject>Fibroblast Growth Factor-23</subject><subject>Fibroblast Growth Factors - genetics</subject><subject>GENE DELETION</subject><subject>GENE DOSAGE</subject><subject>GENU VALGUM</subject><subject>GENU VARUM</subject><subject>Glomerular filtration rate</subject><subject>GROWTH</subject><subject>HEIGHT</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypophosphatemia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>METABOLIC BONE DISEASE</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>NON‐CODING MUTATION</subject><subject>OSTEOMALACIA</subject><subject>PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase - genetics</subject><subject>PHOSPHATE</subject><subject>PHOSPHATONIN</subject><subject>PHOSPHORUS</subject><subject>POLYADENYLATION</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>RICKETS</subject><subject>SKELETAL DEFORMITY</subject><subject>Spine (lumbar)</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0884-0431</issn><issn>1523-4681</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc1u00AUhUcIREPLghdAI7FpF07veMYeh0WlENoGlAgUGtHdaDK-Vib4D48N8i77bpB4Ex4pT8KEtCyQWB3p6tOne3QIecFgyADC882qaIZ8FEWPyIBFIQ9EnLDHZABJIgIQnB2RZ85tACCO4vgpOeJsxIADDMjd7W77Y2bLL5jSaV9X9bpy9Vq3WFj9mi5L-7XDvKdzm6f0rXWoHdKxc5WxnknpZ9uu6cfp5S3lu-0vr1reLOi8a3Vrq5KaYcjZ-OKano7pAtvGq9G09hvSiffstj8nVemvOf3Udml_dkKeZDp3-Pw-j8ny6vJmMg1mH67fTcazwPAkiYJV5iNMpcmiRGIsDWNmJUYcMjAhYhYZFJoLkYZcx2lijNSaxUyClJ6LDD8mpwdv3VS-nmtVYZ3BPNclVp1TIedCggiZ9Oirf9BN1TWl_06FAoAzGAnuqbMDZXxF12Cm6sYWuukVA7VfSO0XUvuFPPvy3titCkz_kg-TeOD8AHy3Ofb_N6n3b-aLP8rfFLmdjw</recordid><startdate>202005</startdate><enddate>202005</enddate><creator>Smith, Pamela S</creator><creator>Gottesman, Gary S</creator><creator>Zhang, Fan</creator><creator>Cook, Fiona</creator><creator>Ramirez, Beatriz</creator><creator>Wenkert, Deborah</creator><creator>Wollberg, Valerie</creator><creator>Huskey, Margaret</creator><creator>Mumm, Steven</creator><creator>Whyte, Michael P</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; 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Consequently, circulating phosphatonin FGF23 becomes elevated and hypophosphatemia in affected children leads to rickets with skeletal deformity and reduced linear growth while affected adults suffer from osteomalacia and forms of ectopic mineralization. In 2015, we reported uniquely mild XLH in six children and four of their mothers carrying the non‐coding PHEX 3′‐UTR mutation c.*231A&gt;G. Herein, we characterize this mild XLH variant by comparing its features in 30 individuals to 30 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with XLH but without the 3′‐UTR mutation. The “UTR” and “XLH” groups, both comprising 17 children (2 to 17 years, 3 girls) and 13 adults (23 to 63 years, 10 women), had mean ages of 23 years. Only 43% of the UTR group versus 90% of the XLH group had received medical treatment for their disorder, including 0% versus 85% of the females, respectively (ps &lt; .0001). The UTR group was taller: mean ± SD height Z‐score (HZ) −1.0 ± 1.0 versus −2.0 ± 1.4 (p = .0034), with significantly greater height for females (−0.9 ± 0.7 versus −2.3 ± 1.4; p = .0050) but not males (−1.2 ± 1.1 versus −1.9 ± 1.5; p = .1541), respectively. Mean ± SD “arm span Z‐score” (AZ) did not differ between the UTR −0.8 ± 1.3 versus XLH −1.3 ± 1.8 groups (p = .2269). Consequently, the UTR group was more proportionate with a mean ∆Z (AZ – HZ) of 0.1 ± 0.6 versus 0.7 ± 1.0 (p = .0158), respectively. Compared to the XLH group, the UTR group had significantly higher fasting serum Pi and renal tubular threshold maximum for phosphorus per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) (ps ≤ .0060), serum FGF23 concentrations within the reference range (p = .0068), and similar serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p = .6513). UTR lumbar spine bone mineral density Z‐score was higher (p = .0343). Thus, the 3′‐UTR variant of XLH is distinctly mild, especially in girls and women, posing challenges for its recognition and management. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>31910300</pmid><doi>10.1002/jbmr.3955</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-8490</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
Alkaline phosphatase
Bone mineral density
BUROSUMAB
CALCITRIOL
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
DXA
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets - genetics
Female
FGF23
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
Fibroblast Growth Factors - genetics
GENE DELETION
GENE DOSAGE
GENU VALGUM
GENU VARUM
Glomerular filtration rate
GROWTH
HEIGHT
Humans
Hypophosphatemia
Male
Medical treatment
METABOLIC BONE DISEASE
Middle Aged
Mineralization
Monoclonal antibodies
Mutation
NON‐CODING MUTATION
OSTEOMALACIA
PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase - genetics
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATONIN
PHOSPHORUS
POLYADENYLATION
Retrospective Studies
RICKETS
SKELETAL DEFORMITY
Spine (lumbar)
Young Adult
title X‐Linked Hypophosphatemia: Uniquely Mild Disease Associated With PHEX 3′‐UTR Mutation c.231A>G (A Retrospective Case–Control Study)
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