Effects of stress on functional connectivity during verbal processing

• Published in: Brain imaging and behavior 2020-12, Vol.14 (6), p.2708-2723
• Main Authors: Nair, Neetu, Hegarty, John P., Ferguson, Bradley J., Hooshmand, Sara J., Hecht, Patrick M., Tilley, Michael, Christ, Shawn E., Beversdorf, David Q.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain Mapping; Cognitive ability; Control tasks; Female; Frontal gyrus; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Gender; Gene polymorphism; Humans; Information processing; Language; Magnetic permeability; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Markers; Natural language processing; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Neuropsychology; Neuroradiology; Neurosciences; Original Research; Psychiatry; Serotonin; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics; Serotonin transporter; Temporal gyrus; Temporal Lobe; Therapeutic applications; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1931-7557; 1931-7565
• DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00221-5

Effects of stress on functional connectivity (FC) in specific language processing regions of the brain during verbal fluency tasks were explored. Roles of gender and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms ( 5-HTTLPR ), associated with stress susceptibility, were also examined to understand their effect. Forty-five healthy volunteers (Mean age: 19.6 ± 1.6 years; 28 females) participated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out while participants performed letter and category fluency tasks. These tasks were interposed with the Montreal Imaging Stress Test to induce stress or a no-stress control task. Buccal swabs collected were used to genotype for the presence of polymorphisms on the SLC6A4 gene known to contribute to atypical stress responses. Significant variations in strength of FC were noted between several ROIs, including left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Overall, males showed regional increases in FC strength over long and short distances during task under stress. Additionally, variability in effects of stress on task performance was associated with effects of stress on FC. Results suggest that long distance FC may be strengthened to compensate for additional cognitive load of the stressor but that specific short distance functional connections may be strengthened in a gender specific manner. Additionally, FC may serve as a marker for effects of stress on performance. This is the first study exploring stress effects on language tasks with imaging markers. Future studies will need to explore stress susceptible populations and establish the role of FC as a marker, with implications for targeted therapeutic interventions.