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Determining the fluctuation of PM2.5 mass concentration and its applicability to Monin–Obukhov similarity
In this manuscript, a method based on the nonlinear relationship between mass concentration of fine-particle and visibility is introduced to obtain the high-frequency mass concentration and vertical mass flux of PM2.5 during a haze pollution process. The high-frequency sampling was obtained using a...
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| Published in: | The Science of the total environment 2020-03, Vol.710, p.136398-136398, Article 136398 |
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| creator | Ren, Yan Zhang, Hongsheng Wei, Wei Cai, Xuhui Song, Yu |
| description | In this manuscript, a method based on the nonlinear relationship between mass concentration of fine-particle and visibility is introduced to obtain the high-frequency mass concentration and vertical mass flux of PM2.5 during a haze pollution process. The high-frequency sampling was obtained using a visibility meter upgraded by our research group. To make the results more reliable, we restricted the service conditions of this method, that is, RH |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136398 |
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[Display omitted]
•Introduce a new method to gain the fluctuation and flux of PM2.5 mass concentration•Under unstable conditions, σc/C∗ = 20.07(−ζ)−1/3•nSPM2.5(n)/σc2 and nCwPM2.5(n)/σwσc follow the Kolmogorov form.•Under unstable and stable conditions, φczL=4.01−9.8zL−1/2 and φczL=4.01+1.2zL</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Fine particle pollution ; Fluctuation of the mass concentration of PM2.5 ; Monin-Obukhov similarity ; Turbulent structure</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2020-03, Vol.710, p.136398-136398, Article 136398</ispartof><rights>2018 The Authors</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-23f52f4db00c3a7d3ea47c175c0e1a0cdaf4885caffc82bac0b09a0ae39f89b43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-23f52f4db00c3a7d3ea47c175c0e1a0cdaf4885caffc82bac0b09a0ae39f89b43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ren, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hongsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cai, Xuhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yu</creatorcontrib><title>Determining the fluctuation of PM2.5 mass concentration and its applicability to Monin–Obukhov similarity</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><description>In this manuscript, a method based on the nonlinear relationship between mass concentration of fine-particle and visibility is introduced to obtain the high-frequency mass concentration and vertical mass flux of PM2.5 during a haze pollution process. The high-frequency sampling was obtained using a visibility meter upgraded by our research group. To make the results more reliable, we restricted the service conditions of this method, that is, RH < 80% and the limited visibility value (15 km herein). The method was applied to a period of pollution from 27 December 2018 to 7 January 2019 at the Pingyuan site, located in the North China Plain. A 1-Hz fluctuation of the mass concentration of PM2.5 was obtained, as was the vertical turbulent flux of the mass concentration of PM2.5. The mean flux of the mass concentration of PM2.5 for the entire 13 days was 0.022 μg m−2 s−1. The turbulent fluxes in five short-term pollution cases lasting for several hours or several days were −0.015 μg m−2 s−1, −0.03 μg m−2 s−1, 0.053 μg m−2 s−1, 0.023 μg m−2 s−1 and 0.075 μg m−2 s−1. Then, the relationship between the absolute value of the vertical flux of PM2.5 mass concentration w′c′¯ and many turbulent variables showed that the vertical flux decreases exponentially with the increase of variables such as turbulent kinetic energy, standard deviation σu, σw, horizontal mean wind U, momentum flux τ and heat flux H. However, the absolute value of the vertical flux w′c′¯ was not affected by the value of the mass concentration of PM2.5. The turbulent characteristics of PM2.5 were also analysed. Under unstable conditions, the normalized standard deviation of PM2.5σc/C∗=20.07−zL−1/3, where c is mass concentration of PM2.5, C∗ is scale of PM2.5. The normalized spectra (nSPM2.5(n)/σc2) followed the Kolmogorov form, n−2/3, where n is frequency, and the co-spectra of deviation of vertical wind speed and mass concentration of PM2.5 (nCwPM2.5(n)/σwσc) was n−4/3. Finally, the universal function of the mass concentration of PM2.5 was calculated. The fitted curves for unstable and stable conditions were φczL=4.01−9.8zL−1/2 and φczL=4.01+1.2zL. Although the observed values of the universal function of the mass concentration of PM2.5 were widely scattered with respect to z/L, the trend is obvious. The measurements show that PM2.5 has similar properties to regular scalars such as potential temperature or water vapor. Particularly, the measurement shows a good trend to satisfy the traditional Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). However, further experiments should be implemented for verification and to provide a more accurate coefficient.
[Display omitted]
•Introduce a new method to gain the fluctuation and flux of PM2.5 mass concentration•Under unstable conditions, σc/C∗ = 20.07(−ζ)−1/3•nSPM2.5(n)/σc2 and nCwPM2.5(n)/σwσc follow the Kolmogorov form.•Under unstable and stable conditions, φczL=4.01−9.8zL−1/2 and φczL=4.01+1.2zL</description><subject>Fine particle pollution</subject><subject>Fluctuation of the mass concentration of PM2.5</subject><subject>Monin-Obukhov similarity</subject><subject>Turbulent structure</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkMtu1DAUhi0EEkPhGfCSTcJxnIntZVWuUqt2AWvrxDmmnibxYDsjdcc78IY8CRkFse3Z_Iv_Ip2PsbcCagGie3-oswslFppPdQPC1EJ20uhnbCe0MpWApnvOdgCtrkxn1Ev2KucDrKe02LGHD1QoTWEO8w9e7on7cXFlwRLizKPndzdNvecT5sxdnB3NJW0ezgMPJXM8HsfgsA9jKI-8RH4T160_v37f9svDfTzxHKYwYlrd1-yFxzHTm396wb5_-vjt6kt1ffv569XldeWkUaVqpN83vh16ACdRDZKwVU6ovQMSCG5A32q9d-i9002PDnowCEjSeG36Vl6wd9vuMcWfC-Vip5AdjSPOFJdsGykVKOi0WaNqi7oUc07k7TGFCdOjFWDPeO3B_sdrz3jthndtXm5NWj85BUrnHK2EhpDIFTvE8OTGX3CsjCU</recordid><startdate>20200325</startdate><enddate>20200325</enddate><creator>Ren, Yan</creator><creator>Zhang, Hongsheng</creator><creator>Wei, Wei</creator><creator>Cai, Xuhui</creator><creator>Song, Yu</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200325</creationdate><title>Determining the fluctuation of PM2.5 mass concentration and its applicability to Monin–Obukhov similarity</title><author>Ren, Yan ; Zhang, Hongsheng ; Wei, Wei ; Cai, Xuhui ; Song, Yu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-23f52f4db00c3a7d3ea47c175c0e1a0cdaf4885caffc82bac0b09a0ae39f89b43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Fine particle pollution</topic><topic>Fluctuation of the mass concentration of PM2.5</topic><topic>Monin-Obukhov similarity</topic><topic>Turbulent structure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ren, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hongsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cai, Xuhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yu</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ren, Yan</au><au>Zhang, Hongsheng</au><au>Wei, Wei</au><au>Cai, Xuhui</au><au>Song, Yu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determining the fluctuation of PM2.5 mass concentration and its applicability to Monin–Obukhov similarity</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><date>2020-03-25</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>710</volume><spage>136398</spage><epage>136398</epage><pages>136398-136398</pages><artnum>136398</artnum><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><abstract>In this manuscript, a method based on the nonlinear relationship between mass concentration of fine-particle and visibility is introduced to obtain the high-frequency mass concentration and vertical mass flux of PM2.5 during a haze pollution process. The high-frequency sampling was obtained using a visibility meter upgraded by our research group. To make the results more reliable, we restricted the service conditions of this method, that is, RH < 80% and the limited visibility value (15 km herein). The method was applied to a period of pollution from 27 December 2018 to 7 January 2019 at the Pingyuan site, located in the North China Plain. A 1-Hz fluctuation of the mass concentration of PM2.5 was obtained, as was the vertical turbulent flux of the mass concentration of PM2.5. The mean flux of the mass concentration of PM2.5 for the entire 13 days was 0.022 μg m−2 s−1. The turbulent fluxes in five short-term pollution cases lasting for several hours or several days were −0.015 μg m−2 s−1, −0.03 μg m−2 s−1, 0.053 μg m−2 s−1, 0.023 μg m−2 s−1 and 0.075 μg m−2 s−1. Then, the relationship between the absolute value of the vertical flux of PM2.5 mass concentration w′c′¯ and many turbulent variables showed that the vertical flux decreases exponentially with the increase of variables such as turbulent kinetic energy, standard deviation σu, σw, horizontal mean wind U, momentum flux τ and heat flux H. However, the absolute value of the vertical flux w′c′¯ was not affected by the value of the mass concentration of PM2.5. The turbulent characteristics of PM2.5 were also analysed. Under unstable conditions, the normalized standard deviation of PM2.5σc/C∗=20.07−zL−1/3, where c is mass concentration of PM2.5, C∗ is scale of PM2.5. The normalized spectra (nSPM2.5(n)/σc2) followed the Kolmogorov form, n−2/3, where n is frequency, and the co-spectra of deviation of vertical wind speed and mass concentration of PM2.5 (nCwPM2.5(n)/σwσc) was n−4/3. Finally, the universal function of the mass concentration of PM2.5 was calculated. The fitted curves for unstable and stable conditions were φczL=4.01−9.8zL−1/2 and φczL=4.01+1.2zL. Although the observed values of the universal function of the mass concentration of PM2.5 were widely scattered with respect to z/L, the trend is obvious. The measurements show that PM2.5 has similar properties to regular scalars such as potential temperature or water vapor. Particularly, the measurement shows a good trend to satisfy the traditional Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). However, further experiments should be implemented for verification and to provide a more accurate coefficient.
[Display omitted]
•Introduce a new method to gain the fluctuation and flux of PM2.5 mass concentration•Under unstable conditions, σc/C∗ = 20.07(−ζ)−1/3•nSPM2.5(n)/σc2 and nCwPM2.5(n)/σwσc follow the Kolmogorov form.•Under unstable and stable conditions, φczL=4.01−9.8zL−1/2 and φczL=4.01+1.2zL</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136398</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Fine particle pollution Fluctuation of the mass concentration of PM2.5 Monin-Obukhov similarity Turbulent structure |
| title | Determining the fluctuation of PM2.5 mass concentration and its applicability to Monin–Obukhov similarity |
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