The activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways of RAW264.7 murine macrophages and natural killer cells by fucoidan from Nizamuddinia zanardinii

• Published in: International journal of biological macromolecules 2020-04, Vol.148, p.56-67
• Main Authors: Tabarsa, Mehdi, Dabaghian, Elham Hashem, You, SangGuan, Yelithao, Khamphone, Cao, RongAn, Rezaei, Masoud, Alboofetileh, Mehdi, Bita, Seraj
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cytokines - metabolism; Fucoidan; Fucose - analysis; Galactose - analysis; Immunization; Immunostimulation; Killer Cells, Natural - drug effects; Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - metabolism; Mannose - analysis; MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects; Mice; NF-kappa B - drug effects; NF-kappa B - metabolism; Nizamuddinia zanardinii; Phaeophyceae - chemistry; Polysaccharides - isolation & purification; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; RAW 264.7 Cells; Signaling pathway; Structure; Uronic Acids - analysis
• ISSN: 0141-8130; 1879-0003
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.125

Polysaccharides from Nizamuddinia zanardinii were extracted using water at elevated temperature and fractionated by a DEAE Sepharose FF column yielding four fractions (F1-F4). Crude and fractions were composed of neutral sugars (50.8–57.4%), proteins (10.8–18.1%), sulfates (7.5–17.3%) and uronic acids (3.5–7.7%). Various levels of galactose (13.4–44.4%), fucose (34.1–40.1%), mannose (14.1–33.2%) and xylose (7.4–15.2%) formed the building blocks of the polysaccharide structures. The weight average molecular weights (Mw) of polysaccharides varied between 40.3 and 1254.4 × 103 g/mol. F3 polysaccharide was the most active fraction stimulating RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells to secrete NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and activating NK cells to release TNF-α, INF-γ, granzyme-B, perforin, NKG2D and FasL through NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Highly-branched F3 polysaccharide mainly consisted of (1 → 2)-Fucp, (1 → 2,3)-Manp, (1 → 3)-Galp, (1 → 2)-Manp, (1 → 3)-Manp, (1 → 2,3,4)-Manp and (1 → 2,3,6)-Manp residues with great amount of (→1)-Fucp and (→1)-Xylp. Sulfates substituted at C-2 of fucose and galactose residues. Overall, fucoidan from N. zanardinii showed immense potency in boosting immune system through macrophages and NK cells activations and therefore suitable for further exploration in immune-mediated biomedical applications. •Water-soluble fucoidans were isolated from Nizamuddinia zanardinii.•Fucoidans activated RAW264.7 cells to release proinflammatory mediators.•Fucoidans stimulated natural killer cells to produce TNF-α, INF-γ and perforin.•RAW264.7 and NK cells were activated through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.•Most immunoenhancing polysaccharide contained high (1 → 2)-fucopyranosyl units.