Gastric emptying of milk in infants and children up to 5 years of age: normative data and influencing factors

Background Gastric emptying scintigraphy is widely used in infants and children, but there is a lack of age-specific normative data. Objective The objectives of this retrospective study were: 1) to establish a range of gastric emptying of milk or formula as a surrogate for normal gastric emptying in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric radiology 2020-05, Vol.50 (5), p.689-697
Main Authors: Kwatra, Neha S., Shalaby-Rana, Eglal, Andrich, Mary P., Tsai, Jason, Rice, Amy L., Ghelani, Sunil J., Spottswood, Stephanie E., Majd, Massoud
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Age Factors
Animals
Child, Preschool
Children
Emptying
Feeding
Female
Gastric emptying
Gastric Emptying - physiology
Gastroesophageal reflux
Health care facilities
Humans
Imaging
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Milk
Neuroradiology
Nuclear Medicine
Oncology
Oral administration
Original Article
Pediatrics
Radiology
Radionuclide Imaging - methods
Retrospective Studies
Scintigraphy
Statistical analysis
Stomach - diagnostic imaging
Stomach - physiology
Ultrasound
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Summary:Background Gastric emptying scintigraphy is widely used in infants and children, but there is a lack of age-specific normative data. Objective The objectives of this retrospective study were: 1) to establish a range of gastric emptying of milk or formula as a surrogate for normal gastric emptying in infants and young children ≤5 years of age, and 2) to investigate the effects of patient age, feeding volume, feeding route and gastroesophageal reflux on gastric emptying. Materials and methods The reports of 5,136 gastric emptying studies of children ≤5 years of age performed at Children’s National Medical Center from January 1990 to August 2012 were reviewed. Demographic data, 1-h and 3-h gastric emptying values and gastroesophageal reflux status of all patients were stored in a database. Using stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies of patients as similar to healthy children as possible were selected for this study. Results The study group included 2,273 children (57% male) ages 0–59 months (median: 4.6 months). The median 1-h gastric emptying was 43% (interquartile range [IQR] 34–54%). The median 3-h gastric emptying was 91% (IQR 79–98%). Sixty-one percent of patients with 1-h gastric emptying value of
ISSN:0301-0449
1432-1998
DOI:10.1007/s00247-020-04614-3