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Evaluating the Understandability and Actionability of Web-Based Education Materials for Patients Taking Non–vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants
Background: More patients are now taking high-risk medicines such as non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Hence, patient education materials need to be in an understandable format so that they can be empowered to act on their knowledge. Factors such as health literacy and the design of the med...
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| Published in: | Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science 2020-03, Vol.54 (2), p.476-483 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | 483 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 476 |
| container_title | Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science |
| container_volume | 54 |
| creator | Yiu, Angela Ng, Kingsley K. Lee, Vincent W. Bajorek, Beata V. |
| description | Background:
More patients are now taking high-risk medicines such as non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Hence, patient education materials need to be in an understandable format so that they can be empowered to act on their knowledge. Factors such as health literacy and the design of the medicine information material may influence the patient’s ability to understand and act on key information.
Method:
The PRISMA checklist was used to inform the study design. A structured search was conducted to obtain all freely accessible online educational resources designed for patients about the non–vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) during August 2018. Three search engines were used: Google, Yahoo! and Bing, using the search terms “NOAC” and “anticoagulant” combined with “patient/consumer information and patient/consumer resources.”We applied the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to evaluate web-based patient education materials in terms of understandability and actionability for patients taking NOACs.
Results:
Of the 35 materials included, the majority of the materials (n = 32, 91%) were rated as highly understandable (PEMAT score
≥
70%), and more than three-quarters of all the materials (n = 29, 83%) were rated as poorly actionable (PEMAT score |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s43441-019-00079-1 |
| format | article |
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More patients are now taking high-risk medicines such as non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Hence, patient education materials need to be in an understandable format so that they can be empowered to act on their knowledge. Factors such as health literacy and the design of the medicine information material may influence the patient’s ability to understand and act on key information.
Method:
The PRISMA checklist was used to inform the study design. A structured search was conducted to obtain all freely accessible online educational resources designed for patients about the non–vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) during August 2018. Three search engines were used: Google, Yahoo! and Bing, using the search terms “NOAC” and “anticoagulant” combined with “patient/consumer information and patient/consumer resources.”We applied the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to evaluate web-based patient education materials in terms of understandability and actionability for patients taking NOACs.
Results:
Of the 35 materials included, the majority of the materials (n = 32, 91%) were rated as highly understandable (PEMAT score
≥
70%), and more than three-quarters of all the materials (n = 29, 83%) were rated as poorly actionable (PEMAT score <70%). For understandability, the majority of materials neither provided a summary of the key points nor used visual aids for several items such as simple tables, illustrations, and photographs. For actionability, few materials provided a tangible tool, such as a checklist, to prompt the user into action (n = 4). Few used visual aids such as nonverbal cues to the written instructions (n = 4).
Conclusion:
To improve the understandability and actionability of most of the NOAC patient education materials, there is a need to include more summaries of information, visual aids, and tangible tools such as checklists. Further research is warranted where patients are involved in providing feedback on the design of medicine information materials for NOACs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-4790</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-4804</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s43441-019-00079-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32072581</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Antagonists ; Anticoagulants ; Check lists ; Consumer information ; Dental materials ; Design ; Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance ; Education ; Evaluation ; Medicine ; Patient education ; Pharmacotherapy ; Pharmacy ; Phylloquinone ; Search engines ; Visual aids ; Vitamin K</subject><ispartof>Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science, 2020-03, Vol.54 (2), p.476-483</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7f06fc4e572b916cc42a37dcabbdf78ff0490c881118740280f35c0fc367353b3</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-2934-4440</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32072581$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yiu, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Kingsley K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Vincent W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bajorek, Beata V.</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluating the Understandability and Actionability of Web-Based Education Materials for Patients Taking Non–vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants</title><title>Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science</title><addtitle>Ther Innov Regul Sci</addtitle><addtitle>Ther Innov Regul Sci</addtitle><description>Background:
More patients are now taking high-risk medicines such as non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Hence, patient education materials need to be in an understandable format so that they can be empowered to act on their knowledge. Factors such as health literacy and the design of the medicine information material may influence the patient’s ability to understand and act on key information.
Method:
The PRISMA checklist was used to inform the study design. A structured search was conducted to obtain all freely accessible online educational resources designed for patients about the non–vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) during August 2018. Three search engines were used: Google, Yahoo! and Bing, using the search terms “NOAC” and “anticoagulant” combined with “patient/consumer information and patient/consumer resources.”We applied the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to evaluate web-based patient education materials in terms of understandability and actionability for patients taking NOACs.
Results:
Of the 35 materials included, the majority of the materials (n = 32, 91%) were rated as highly understandable (PEMAT score
≥
70%), and more than three-quarters of all the materials (n = 29, 83%) were rated as poorly actionable (PEMAT score <70%). For understandability, the majority of materials neither provided a summary of the key points nor used visual aids for several items such as simple tables, illustrations, and photographs. For actionability, few materials provided a tangible tool, such as a checklist, to prompt the user into action (n = 4). Few used visual aids such as nonverbal cues to the written instructions (n = 4).
Conclusion:
To improve the understandability and actionability of most of the NOAC patient education materials, there is a need to include more summaries of information, visual aids, and tangible tools such as checklists. Further research is warranted where patients are involved in providing feedback on the design of medicine information materials for NOACs.</description><subject>Antagonists</subject><subject>Anticoagulants</subject><subject>Check lists</subject><subject>Consumer information</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Patient education</subject><subject>Pharmacotherapy</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Phylloquinone</subject><subject>Search engines</subject><subject>Visual aids</subject><subject>Vitamin K</subject><issn>2168-4790</issn><issn>2168-4804</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kb9uFDEQxi1ERKIkL0CBLNHQbOJ_u_aWR3QQlEAoElFaXq99OOzZwfZGSkdPyRvyJMxxOZAoqDye-c03Y38IPafkhBIiT4vgQtCG0L4hcO8b-gQdMNqpRiginu5i2ZN9dFzKLUCkV61k6hna54xI1ip6gL4v7800mxriCtfPDt_E0eVSTRzNEKZQHzCEeGFrSHGXSR5_ckPz2hQ34uU4W7Op4vemuhzMVLBPGX-EpIu14GvzZSP-IcWf337ch2rWIeILfJXNhBexBpvMap4MoEdoz0O7O348D9HNm-X12XlzefX23dnisrFctrWRnnTeCgdvGXraWSuY4XK0ZhhGL5X3RPTEKkUpVVIQpojnrSXe8k7ylg_8EL3a6t7l9HV2pep1KNZNsIRLc9GMt_BRvJc9oC__QW_TnCNsp5kQrIMZXQcU21I2p1Ky8_ouh7XJD5oSvXFLb93S4Jb-7Zam0PTiUXoe1m7807LzBgC-BQqU4srlv7P_I_sLGyWhbQ</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Yiu, Angela</creator><creator>Ng, Kingsley K.</creator><creator>Lee, Vincent W.</creator><creator>Bajorek, Beata V.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-4440</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200301</creationdate><title>Evaluating the Understandability and Actionability of Web-Based Education Materials for Patients Taking Non–vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants</title><author>Yiu, Angela ; Ng, Kingsley K. ; Lee, Vincent W. ; Bajorek, Beata V.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7f06fc4e572b916cc42a37dcabbdf78ff0490c881118740280f35c0fc367353b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Antagonists</topic><topic>Anticoagulants</topic><topic>Check lists</topic><topic>Consumer information</topic><topic>Dental materials</topic><topic>Design</topic><topic>Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Patient education</topic><topic>Pharmacotherapy</topic><topic>Pharmacy</topic><topic>Phylloquinone</topic><topic>Search engines</topic><topic>Visual aids</topic><topic>Vitamin K</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yiu, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Kingsley K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Vincent W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bajorek, Beata V.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yiu, Angela</au><au>Ng, Kingsley K.</au><au>Lee, Vincent W.</au><au>Bajorek, Beata V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluating the Understandability and Actionability of Web-Based Education Materials for Patients Taking Non–vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants</atitle><jtitle>Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science</jtitle><stitle>Ther Innov Regul Sci</stitle><addtitle>Ther Innov Regul Sci</addtitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>476</spage><epage>483</epage><pages>476-483</pages><issn>2168-4790</issn><eissn>2168-4804</eissn><abstract>Background:
More patients are now taking high-risk medicines such as non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Hence, patient education materials need to be in an understandable format so that they can be empowered to act on their knowledge. Factors such as health literacy and the design of the medicine information material may influence the patient’s ability to understand and act on key information.
Method:
The PRISMA checklist was used to inform the study design. A structured search was conducted to obtain all freely accessible online educational resources designed for patients about the non–vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) during August 2018. Three search engines were used: Google, Yahoo! and Bing, using the search terms “NOAC” and “anticoagulant” combined with “patient/consumer information and patient/consumer resources.”We applied the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to evaluate web-based patient education materials in terms of understandability and actionability for patients taking NOACs.
Results:
Of the 35 materials included, the majority of the materials (n = 32, 91%) were rated as highly understandable (PEMAT score
≥
70%), and more than three-quarters of all the materials (n = 29, 83%) were rated as poorly actionable (PEMAT score <70%). For understandability, the majority of materials neither provided a summary of the key points nor used visual aids for several items such as simple tables, illustrations, and photographs. For actionability, few materials provided a tangible tool, such as a checklist, to prompt the user into action (n = 4). Few used visual aids such as nonverbal cues to the written instructions (n = 4).
Conclusion:
To improve the understandability and actionability of most of the NOAC patient education materials, there is a need to include more summaries of information, visual aids, and tangible tools such as checklists. Further research is warranted where patients are involved in providing feedback on the design of medicine information materials for NOACs.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>32072581</pmid><doi>10.1007/s43441-019-00079-1</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-4440</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science, 2020-03, Vol.54 (2), p.476-483 |
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| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Antagonists Anticoagulants Check lists Consumer information Dental materials Design Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance Education Evaluation Medicine Patient education Pharmacotherapy Pharmacy Phylloquinone Search engines Visual aids Vitamin K |
| title | Evaluating the Understandability and Actionability of Web-Based Education Materials for Patients Taking Non–vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants |
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