Factors affecting eco-efficiency of municipal waste services in Tuscan municipalities: An empirical investigation of different management models

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) 2020-03, Vol.105, p.384-394
• Main Authors: Romano, Giulia, Molinos-Senante, María
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cities; Data envelopment analysis; Efficiency; Municipal solid waste; Ownership; Refuse Disposal; Solid Waste; Undesirable output; Urban waste management; Waste Management
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.028

•We examine factors that affect the eco-efficiency of municipal waste services.•We find support for increased efficiency among publicly owned waste operators.•Eco-efficiency is higher for municipalities with a higher population density.•Smaller and less touristic municipalities are more eco-efficient than others.•We use the DEA metafrontier approach with unsorted waste as an undesirable output. The efficient provision of municipal solid waste (MSW) services is essential from an economic and environmental perspective. This paper investigates the effect of ownership type on the eco-efficiency of MSW management in Tuscan municipalities. In the first stage of the analysis, the authors use a data envelopment analysis metafrontier approach with the integration of unsorted waste as an undesirable output. Three different clusters of municipalities are created based on the ownership type of the municipal waste operators: public, private, and mixed. In the second stage of analysis, the paper investigates factors affecting eco-efficiency in order to provide new knowledge that can be used by policy and decision makers to improve eco-efficiency. The results show that eco-efficiency is higher for municipalities that entrust the delivery of waste services to publicly owned firms compared to municipalities with delivery by mixed and private firms. Moreover, eco-efficiency in MSW management is higher for municipalities with younger residents, a larger population, and an overall higher population density. Smaller municipalities and those with less tourism manage their waste services more eco-efficiently than do bigger municipalities and those with more tourism. The results indicate that policy-makers should improve communication and engagement activities with older residents in smaller, less densely populated areas. In municipalities featuring heavy tourism, eco-taxes could be used to support these activities, avoiding any impact on residents.